Summary The Urinary System

The Urinary System
Functions of the Urinary
System
 Renal fascia
 Regulation of blood
 Thin layer of
 Osmolarity
loose
 Ionic composition
connective
 pH
 Volume
 Pressure
 Production of hormones
 Calcitriol
 Rinin
 Erythropoietin
 Regulation of red blood cell
synthesis
 Excretion of wastes from
metabolic reactions and
foreign substances
 Drugs tissue
 Toxins
Gross anatomy of the Internal Anatomy of the
Kidney Kidney
 Kidneys are retroperitoneal  Renal cortex
organs attached to the  Superficial portion of
posterior abdominal wall kidney
 Lumbar vertebrae and rib  Renal medulla
cage partially protect  Inner portion of kidney
 Right kidney slightly lower  3 parts:
than left  Renal pyramids
 The hilum is on the concave  Renal papilla
medial side of the kidney and  Renal columns
is where the renal artery and  A renal lobe is a renal
nerves enter, and renal vein
and ureter leave the kidney
 3 layers of tissue surround
the kidney
 Renal capsule
 Fibrous
connective
tissue
 Adipose capsule
 Acts as
cushioning pyramid, the overlying cortex
and half of each adjacent
renal column

,  Urine produced in the renal  Renal corpuscle near
lobes drains from the renal the cortical medullary
papilla into the minor calyx border
 4 or 5 minor calyces  Loop of Henle extend
combine to form a major deep into the medulla
calyx  This enables the
 2 or 3 major calyces kidney to produce
combine to form the renal concentrated urine
pelvis  Cortical nephrons
 Renal pelvis is a funnel-  Renal corpuscle near
shaped chamber connected to the periphery of the
to ureter cortex
 Loops of Henle do not
Microscopic Anatomy of
extend deep into the
the Kidneys
medulla
Nephrons
 Functional unit of the
kidney
 Consists of a renal capsule
and a renal tubule
 The renal tubule (descends
into the medulla and returns
to the cortex) has 3 mains
parts:
 Proximal convoluted
tubule
 Loop of Henle
 Distal convoluted
tubule
The Renal Corpuscle
 Collecting ducts from where
many distal tubules come  Made of the glomerulus and
together Bowman capsule
 Bowman capsule
 Outer parietal (simple
squamous epithelium)
 Visceral layers (cells
called podocytes)
 Glomerulus
 Taft of intertwined
capillaries




Types of Nephrons
 Juxtamedullary nephrons
 15% of nephrons