International business
,Inhoudsopgave
Chapter 2 political and economic environment.............................................................................................. 4
Free trade.............................................................................................................................................................4
Regional trading arrangements...........................................................................................................................4
Economic and Monetary union.............................................................................................................................5
Protectionism........................................................................................................................................................5
International organisations..................................................................................................................................6
Chapter 3 Culture........................................................................................................................................... 6
What is culture?....................................................................................................................................................6
Elements of culture...............................................................................................................................................8
Classification of cultural differences.....................................................................................................................8
Ethics...................................................................................................................................................................12
Chapter 4 Management and organisation in an international environment...................................................12
Internationalization............................................................................................................................................12
Strategic management.......................................................................................................................................12
Value chain analysis...........................................................................................................................................13
Strategic planning...............................................................................................................................................13
Internal organisation..........................................................................................................................................13
Human Resource Management..........................................................................................................................15
Chapter 5 external analysis in an international environment........................................................................16
What is an external analysis?.............................................................................................................................16
Initial analysis.....................................................................................................................................................16
Environmental analysis.......................................................................................................................................17
Market research.................................................................................................................................................18
Determining market potential............................................................................................................................18
Chapter 6 Market entry and international marketing....................................................................................19
International cooperation...................................................................................................................................19
Modes of cooperation.........................................................................................................................................19
merges and acquisitions.....................................................................................................................................21
Outsourcing & out-tasking.................................................................................................................................22
international marketing strategy.......................................................................................................................22
International marketing mix...............................................................................................................................23
Chapter 7 intercultural communication and management............................................................................23
Preparing for intercultural communication........................................................................................................23
Cross-cultural negotiating..................................................................................................................................23
Intercultural management.................................................................................................................................26
,Chapter 8 international commercial law....................................................................................................... 26
The principle legal systems.................................................................................................................................26
Pre-contract negotiations...................................................................................................................................27
International contracts.......................................................................................................................................27
Applicable law under Rome I..............................................................................................................................28
Product liability...................................................................................................................................................29
Intellectual property rights.................................................................................................................................29
Arbitration, settlements and jurisdiction............................................................................................................30
Chapter 9 Risk-management, insurance and finance.....................................................................................30
Risks....................................................................................................................................................................30
Risk management...............................................................................................................................................31
Insurance............................................................................................................................................................32
Types insurance..................................................................................................................................................33
Finance................................................................................................................................................................33
international financing.......................................................................................................................................35
chapter 10 Logistics and customs................................................................................................................. 36
Logistics for international business....................................................................................................................36
transport strategy...............................................................................................................................................36
Modes of transport.............................................................................................................................................37
international law................................................................................................................................................38
Customs..............................................................................................................................................................39
, Chapter 2 political and economic environment
Free trade
Free international business benefits form the free movement of goods and services.
Therefore, consumers have a wider choice of products.
Competition between imported and local products pushes prices down and the quality up.
Regional trading arrangements
The objective of a regional trading arrangement is to reduce trade barries among the
member countries.
The most common forms of cooperation are:
1. Free-trade bloc
2. Customs union
3. Common market
Free-trade bloc
Countries strive for free trade because this form of trade offers a number of advantages:
1. Efficient use of productions factors
2. Stimulation of competition
3. Prevention of trade wars
4. Promotion of trade and investment
5. Promotion of welfare
Examples of regional integration agreements are the European Free Trade Association
(EFTA). And the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
Customs union
A customs union exits when two or more countries abolish all mutual tariffs. Besides mutual
free trade, the participating countries have a joint external tariff; that is to say, with respect
to non-member countries the same import duties are levied.
The problem of the final destination of imported goods is non-existent in this case, because
the participating countries levy the same tariff for non-member countries.
Common market
The EU is an example of the common market. All products from the EU are exempt from
import duties. Outside the EU, import duties do apply.
,Inhoudsopgave
Chapter 2 political and economic environment.............................................................................................. 4
Free trade.............................................................................................................................................................4
Regional trading arrangements...........................................................................................................................4
Economic and Monetary union.............................................................................................................................5
Protectionism........................................................................................................................................................5
International organisations..................................................................................................................................6
Chapter 3 Culture........................................................................................................................................... 6
What is culture?....................................................................................................................................................6
Elements of culture...............................................................................................................................................8
Classification of cultural differences.....................................................................................................................8
Ethics...................................................................................................................................................................12
Chapter 4 Management and organisation in an international environment...................................................12
Internationalization............................................................................................................................................12
Strategic management.......................................................................................................................................12
Value chain analysis...........................................................................................................................................13
Strategic planning...............................................................................................................................................13
Internal organisation..........................................................................................................................................13
Human Resource Management..........................................................................................................................15
Chapter 5 external analysis in an international environment........................................................................16
What is an external analysis?.............................................................................................................................16
Initial analysis.....................................................................................................................................................16
Environmental analysis.......................................................................................................................................17
Market research.................................................................................................................................................18
Determining market potential............................................................................................................................18
Chapter 6 Market entry and international marketing....................................................................................19
International cooperation...................................................................................................................................19
Modes of cooperation.........................................................................................................................................19
merges and acquisitions.....................................................................................................................................21
Outsourcing & out-tasking.................................................................................................................................22
international marketing strategy.......................................................................................................................22
International marketing mix...............................................................................................................................23
Chapter 7 intercultural communication and management............................................................................23
Preparing for intercultural communication........................................................................................................23
Cross-cultural negotiating..................................................................................................................................23
Intercultural management.................................................................................................................................26
,Chapter 8 international commercial law....................................................................................................... 26
The principle legal systems.................................................................................................................................26
Pre-contract negotiations...................................................................................................................................27
International contracts.......................................................................................................................................27
Applicable law under Rome I..............................................................................................................................28
Product liability...................................................................................................................................................29
Intellectual property rights.................................................................................................................................29
Arbitration, settlements and jurisdiction............................................................................................................30
Chapter 9 Risk-management, insurance and finance.....................................................................................30
Risks....................................................................................................................................................................30
Risk management...............................................................................................................................................31
Insurance............................................................................................................................................................32
Types insurance..................................................................................................................................................33
Finance................................................................................................................................................................33
international financing.......................................................................................................................................35
chapter 10 Logistics and customs................................................................................................................. 36
Logistics for international business....................................................................................................................36
transport strategy...............................................................................................................................................36
Modes of transport.............................................................................................................................................37
international law................................................................................................................................................38
Customs..............................................................................................................................................................39
, Chapter 2 political and economic environment
Free trade
Free international business benefits form the free movement of goods and services.
Therefore, consumers have a wider choice of products.
Competition between imported and local products pushes prices down and the quality up.
Regional trading arrangements
The objective of a regional trading arrangement is to reduce trade barries among the
member countries.
The most common forms of cooperation are:
1. Free-trade bloc
2. Customs union
3. Common market
Free-trade bloc
Countries strive for free trade because this form of trade offers a number of advantages:
1. Efficient use of productions factors
2. Stimulation of competition
3. Prevention of trade wars
4. Promotion of trade and investment
5. Promotion of welfare
Examples of regional integration agreements are the European Free Trade Association
(EFTA). And the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
Customs union
A customs union exits when two or more countries abolish all mutual tariffs. Besides mutual
free trade, the participating countries have a joint external tariff; that is to say, with respect
to non-member countries the same import duties are levied.
The problem of the final destination of imported goods is non-existent in this case, because
the participating countries levy the same tariff for non-member countries.
Common market
The EU is an example of the common market. All products from the EU are exempt from
import duties. Outside the EU, import duties do apply.
