,Chapter 01: Introduction to Preliminary Diagnosis of Oral Lesions Ibsen
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
: Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
MULTIPLE CHOICE SW
1. Which descriptive term is described as a segment that is part of the whole?
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
a. Bulla
b. Vesicle
c. Lobule
d. Pustule
ANS: C S W
A lobule is described as a segment or lobe that is part of a whole. A bulla is a large, elevated les
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
ion that contains serous fluid and may look like a blister. A vesicle is a small, elevated lesion
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
that contains serous fluid. Pustules are circumscribed elevations containing pus.
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
REF: Vocabulary, Clinical of Soft Tissue Lesions, page 1
S W SW SW SW SW SW SW SW OBJ: 1 S W
2. A lesion with a sessile base is described as
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
a. an ulcer. SW
b. stemlike.
c. pedunculated.
d. flat and broad. SW SW
ANS: D S W
Sessile describes the base of a lesion that is flat and broad. An ulcer is a break in the surface e
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
pithelium. A stemlike lesion is referred to as pedunculated. A pedunculated lesion is stemlike or
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW S
stalk-based (similar to a mushroom).
W SW SW SW SW
REF: Vocabulary, Clinical Appearance of Soft Tissue Lesions, page 1 O
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
BJ: 1 SW
3. Which condition is not diagnosed through clinical appearance?
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
a. Mandibular tori SW
b. Fordyce granules SW
c. Black hairy tongue SW SW
d. Compound odontoma SW
ANS: D S W
The compound odontoma is initially identified radiographically as a radiopaque area in which t
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
ooth structure can be identified. No clinical component exists. Mandibular tori are identified c
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
linically as areas of exostosis on the lingual aspects of mandibular premolars. Fordyce granul
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
es are yellow clusters of ectopic sebaceous glands diagnosed through clinical appearance. Bla
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
ck hairy tongue is diagnosed clinically. The filiform papillae on the dorsal tongue elongate an
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
d become brown or black. Causes include tobacco, alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, chemical rins
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
es, antibiotics, and antacids.
SW SW SW
REF: S W Radiographic Diagnosis, page 9 SW SW SW OBJ: 3 S W
4. Another name for geographic tongue is SW SW SW SW SW
, a. median rhomboid glossitis. SW SW
b. benign migratory glossitis. SW SW
c. fissured tongue. SW
d. black hairy tongue. SW SW
ANS: B S W
Benign migratory glossitis is another name for geographic tongue. Research suggests that me
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
dian rhomboid glossitis is associated with a chronic fungal infection from Candida albicans.
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
Sometimes the condition resolves with antifungal therapy. Fissured tongue is seen in 5% of the
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW S
population. It is a variant of normal. Genetic factors are typically associated with the conditio
W SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
n. Black hairy tongue is caused by a reaction to chemicals, tobacco, hydrogen peroxide, or ant
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
acids. The filiform papillae on the dorsal tongue become elongated and are dark brown to bla
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
ck.
REF: S W Geographic Tongue, page 24 SW SW SW OBJ: 7 S W
5. This bony hard structure in the midline of the hard palate is genetic in origin and inherited in
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
an autosomal dominant manner. The diagnosis is made through clinical appearance. Which
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
condition is suspected? SW SW
a. Palatal cyst SW
b. Torus palatinus SW
c. Mixed tumor SW
d. Ranula
ANS: B S W
A torus palatinus is developmental and bony hard and is found on the midline of the palate. D
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
iagnosis is made on the basis of clinical appearance. A palatal cyst appears radiolucent on a ra
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
diographic examination and is not diagnosed through clinical appearance. A mixed tumor or ple
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
omorphic adenoma is a benign tumor of salivary gland origin, found unilaterally off the midli
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
ne of the hard palate. It is composed of tumor tissue that is not bony hard to palpation.
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
Ranula is a term used for a mucocele-
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
like lesion that forms unilaterally on the floor of the mouth.
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
REF: S W Torus Palatinus, page 21 SW SW SW OBJ: 4 S W
6. The gray- SW
white opalescent film seen on the buccal mucosa of 85% of black adults is a variant of normal
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW S
that requires no treatment and is termed
W SW SW SW SW SW SW
a. linea alba. SW
b. leukoedema.
c. leukoplakia.
d. white sponge nevus. SW SW
ANS: B S W
Leukoedema is a diffuse opalescence most commonly seen on the buccal mucosa in black
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
individuals. Linea alba is a “white line” that extends anteroposteriorly on the buccal mucosa a
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
long the occlusal plane. It is most prominent in patients who have a clenching or grinding hab
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
it. Leukoplakia is a clinical term for a white lesion, the cause of which is unknown. White spon
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
ge nevus is a genetic (autosomal dominant) trait. Clinically, it is characterized by a soft white,
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
folded (or corrugated) oral mucosa. A thick layer of keratin produces the whitening.
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
REF: S W S W Leukoedema, page 23 SW SW OBJ: 8 S W
, 7. Which condition most likely responds to therapeutic diagnosis?
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
a. Angular cheilitis SW
b. Amelogenesis imperfecta SW
c. Paget disease SW
d. Stafne bone cyst SW SW
ANS: A S W
Angular cheilitis most commonly responds to antifungal therapy once nutritional deficiencies
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
have been ruled out. Amelogenesis imperfecta is a genetic condition associated with abnormal
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
development of the enamel. Paget disease is a chronic metabolic bone disease. A highly eleva
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
ted serum alkaline phosphatase level contributes significantly to the diagnosis. A Stafne bone
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
cyst is determined through surgical diagnosis in which entrapped salivary gland tissue is identi
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
fied.
REF: S W Therapeutic Diagnosis, page 18 SW SW SW OBJ: 3 S W
8. The gingival enlargement in this patient was caused by a calcium channel blocker. Which
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
medication is the likely cause? SW SW SW SW
a. Dilantin
b. Nifedipine
c. Quinidine
d. Clozapine
ANS: B S W
Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker. Dilantin is an anticonvulsant used to prevent or contro
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
l seizures. Quinidine is an antiarrhythmic agent used to treat cardiac arrhythmias. Clozapine is
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
an antipsychotic used in the management of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia.
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
REF: S W Historical Diagnosis, Fig. 1.38, page 17 SW SW SW SW SW OBJ: 3 S W
9. Radiographic features, including cotton- SW SW SW
wool radiopacities and hypercementosis, are especially helpful in the diagnosis of
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
a. Paget disease. SW
b. dentinogenesis imperfecta. SW
c. anemia.
d. diabetes.
ANS: A S W
Paget disease is a chronic metabolic bone disease. Radiographically, cotton-
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
wool radiopacities and hypercementosis are characteristic features. Dentinogenesis imperfecta
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
is a genetic condition involving a defect in the development of dentin. Anemia, a decrease in
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
red blood cells, requires blood tests to determine the etiologic factors. Diabetes is a chronic di
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
sorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by abnormally high blood glucose levels.
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
REF: S W Laboratory Diagnosis, Fig. 1.40, pages 16, 18 SW SW SW SW SW SW OBJ: 3 S W
10. In internal resorption, the radiolucency seen on radiographic examination is usually
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
a. well circumscribed. SW
b. diffuse.
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
: Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
MULTIPLE CHOICE SW
1. Which descriptive term is described as a segment that is part of the whole?
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
a. Bulla
b. Vesicle
c. Lobule
d. Pustule
ANS: C S W
A lobule is described as a segment or lobe that is part of a whole. A bulla is a large, elevated les
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
ion that contains serous fluid and may look like a blister. A vesicle is a small, elevated lesion
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
that contains serous fluid. Pustules are circumscribed elevations containing pus.
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
REF: Vocabulary, Clinical of Soft Tissue Lesions, page 1
S W SW SW SW SW SW SW SW OBJ: 1 S W
2. A lesion with a sessile base is described as
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
a. an ulcer. SW
b. stemlike.
c. pedunculated.
d. flat and broad. SW SW
ANS: D S W
Sessile describes the base of a lesion that is flat and broad. An ulcer is a break in the surface e
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
pithelium. A stemlike lesion is referred to as pedunculated. A pedunculated lesion is stemlike or
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW S
stalk-based (similar to a mushroom).
W SW SW SW SW
REF: Vocabulary, Clinical Appearance of Soft Tissue Lesions, page 1 O
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
BJ: 1 SW
3. Which condition is not diagnosed through clinical appearance?
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
a. Mandibular tori SW
b. Fordyce granules SW
c. Black hairy tongue SW SW
d. Compound odontoma SW
ANS: D S W
The compound odontoma is initially identified radiographically as a radiopaque area in which t
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
ooth structure can be identified. No clinical component exists. Mandibular tori are identified c
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
linically as areas of exostosis on the lingual aspects of mandibular premolars. Fordyce granul
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
es are yellow clusters of ectopic sebaceous glands diagnosed through clinical appearance. Bla
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
ck hairy tongue is diagnosed clinically. The filiform papillae on the dorsal tongue elongate an
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
d become brown or black. Causes include tobacco, alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, chemical rins
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
es, antibiotics, and antacids.
SW SW SW
REF: S W Radiographic Diagnosis, page 9 SW SW SW OBJ: 3 S W
4. Another name for geographic tongue is SW SW SW SW SW
, a. median rhomboid glossitis. SW SW
b. benign migratory glossitis. SW SW
c. fissured tongue. SW
d. black hairy tongue. SW SW
ANS: B S W
Benign migratory glossitis is another name for geographic tongue. Research suggests that me
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
dian rhomboid glossitis is associated with a chronic fungal infection from Candida albicans.
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
Sometimes the condition resolves with antifungal therapy. Fissured tongue is seen in 5% of the
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW S
population. It is a variant of normal. Genetic factors are typically associated with the conditio
W SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
n. Black hairy tongue is caused by a reaction to chemicals, tobacco, hydrogen peroxide, or ant
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
acids. The filiform papillae on the dorsal tongue become elongated and are dark brown to bla
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
ck.
REF: S W Geographic Tongue, page 24 SW SW SW OBJ: 7 S W
5. This bony hard structure in the midline of the hard palate is genetic in origin and inherited in
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
an autosomal dominant manner. The diagnosis is made through clinical appearance. Which
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
condition is suspected? SW SW
a. Palatal cyst SW
b. Torus palatinus SW
c. Mixed tumor SW
d. Ranula
ANS: B S W
A torus palatinus is developmental and bony hard and is found on the midline of the palate. D
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
iagnosis is made on the basis of clinical appearance. A palatal cyst appears radiolucent on a ra
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
diographic examination and is not diagnosed through clinical appearance. A mixed tumor or ple
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
omorphic adenoma is a benign tumor of salivary gland origin, found unilaterally off the midli
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
ne of the hard palate. It is composed of tumor tissue that is not bony hard to palpation.
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
Ranula is a term used for a mucocele-
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
like lesion that forms unilaterally on the floor of the mouth.
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
REF: S W Torus Palatinus, page 21 SW SW SW OBJ: 4 S W
6. The gray- SW
white opalescent film seen on the buccal mucosa of 85% of black adults is a variant of normal
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW S
that requires no treatment and is termed
W SW SW SW SW SW SW
a. linea alba. SW
b. leukoedema.
c. leukoplakia.
d. white sponge nevus. SW SW
ANS: B S W
Leukoedema is a diffuse opalescence most commonly seen on the buccal mucosa in black
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
individuals. Linea alba is a “white line” that extends anteroposteriorly on the buccal mucosa a
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
long the occlusal plane. It is most prominent in patients who have a clenching or grinding hab
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
it. Leukoplakia is a clinical term for a white lesion, the cause of which is unknown. White spon
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
ge nevus is a genetic (autosomal dominant) trait. Clinically, it is characterized by a soft white,
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
folded (or corrugated) oral mucosa. A thick layer of keratin produces the whitening.
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
REF: S W S W Leukoedema, page 23 SW SW OBJ: 8 S W
, 7. Which condition most likely responds to therapeutic diagnosis?
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
a. Angular cheilitis SW
b. Amelogenesis imperfecta SW
c. Paget disease SW
d. Stafne bone cyst SW SW
ANS: A S W
Angular cheilitis most commonly responds to antifungal therapy once nutritional deficiencies
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
have been ruled out. Amelogenesis imperfecta is a genetic condition associated with abnormal
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
development of the enamel. Paget disease is a chronic metabolic bone disease. A highly eleva
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
ted serum alkaline phosphatase level contributes significantly to the diagnosis. A Stafne bone
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
cyst is determined through surgical diagnosis in which entrapped salivary gland tissue is identi
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
fied.
REF: S W Therapeutic Diagnosis, page 18 SW SW SW OBJ: 3 S W
8. The gingival enlargement in this patient was caused by a calcium channel blocker. Which
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
medication is the likely cause? SW SW SW SW
a. Dilantin
b. Nifedipine
c. Quinidine
d. Clozapine
ANS: B S W
Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker. Dilantin is an anticonvulsant used to prevent or contro
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
l seizures. Quinidine is an antiarrhythmic agent used to treat cardiac arrhythmias. Clozapine is
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
an antipsychotic used in the management of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia.
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
REF: S W Historical Diagnosis, Fig. 1.38, page 17 SW SW SW SW SW OBJ: 3 S W
9. Radiographic features, including cotton- SW SW SW
wool radiopacities and hypercementosis, are especially helpful in the diagnosis of
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
a. Paget disease. SW
b. dentinogenesis imperfecta. SW
c. anemia.
d. diabetes.
ANS: A S W
Paget disease is a chronic metabolic bone disease. Radiographically, cotton-
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
wool radiopacities and hypercementosis are characteristic features. Dentinogenesis imperfecta
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
is a genetic condition involving a defect in the development of dentin. Anemia, a decrease in
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
red blood cells, requires blood tests to determine the etiologic factors. Diabetes is a chronic di
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
sorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by abnormally high blood glucose levels.
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
REF: S W Laboratory Diagnosis, Fig. 1.40, pages 16, 18 SW SW SW SW SW SW OBJ: 3 S W
10. In internal resorption, the radiolucency seen on radiographic examination is usually
SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW
a. well circumscribed. SW
b. diffuse.
