POSC 1010 CAREY MIDTERM 2 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026
Democrat - Answers -Came from the initial Federalist/Anti-Federalist debate
-Andrew Jackson changed the name to Democrat from Democrat-Republican
-Came from ratification of constitution
Republican - Answers -Whig party formed in opposition to Andrew Jackson
-Whig party splits from slavery expansion issue
-Anti-slavery party joins "free soil" party to form the Republican Party
-came from anti-slavery movement preceding civil war
Hard Money - Answers Money used to directly endorse candidates
soft money - Answers money spent on "issue advocacy ads"; does not speak directly of candidate, but
issues favorable to him
Pluralism - Answers The doctrine that competition between groups produces moderation through a
process of compromise, and reduces risk of tyranny of the majority; discussed in Federalist 10 by
Madison
How do interest groups exert influence - Answers -In court through litigation and amicus curiae briefs
-With money for campaign contributions
-Lobbying (direct exertion of pressure on legislators) through personal contact, gifts, information for
legislators and staffs
Agenda setting - Answers what the public is paying attention to or has their radar on for
-strongly influenced by media
-News is major source of info on issues
-People most susceptible to media agenda setting are less educated or politically uninvolved
Framing - Answers How the public interprets issues
-Language, tone, imagery
-How the story is positioned in broadcast
-What aspects of social media focuses on
Priming - Answers Influencing standards that the public uses to judge national leaders
-focus on stories about national defense, etc.
-Can be favorable or negative toward president (and/or Congress), depending on how they are
already perceived as performing on those issues
Incentives for organizing into interest groups - Answers -An association of individuals who seek to
combine their influence to advance their policy agenda
-"pressure group"
-The one that has the biggest payout or biggest cost is most likely to be organized
Liberalism ideology - Answers Favors more centralization of power at federal level over states
Economic Liberalism - Answers Favors stronger role of government in society
-Regulation of private sector industries
-Income equalization
-Traditionally supports organized labor
-Emphasis on government programs to carry out social goals
Cultural Liberalism - Answers Tends somewhat toward moral/cultural relativism
- More secularist (less emphasis on role of religion in society)
-Traditionally espoused neutral stance on cultural issues, but has become more activist in recent
history
Conservatism ideology - Answers Favors less centralization at federal level vs. states' rights
Economic conservatism - Answers -Laissez-faire - emphasis on free market
-Emphasis on individual responsibility over government support
-Preference for smaller, more limited government
Cultural Conservatism - Answers - Emphasis on "traditional values"
- Less secular - greater emphasis on role of religion in society
Libertarianism ideology - Answers cultural liberal, economic conservative
-Favor minimal gov. and more personal autonomy
-some believe classical liberalism falls in libertarian range
Statism ideology - Answers Cultural conservative, economic liberal
-Government control over both aspects "the state" in a sense
-In extreme, totalitarianism or authoritarianism
Democrat - Answers -Came from the initial Federalist/Anti-Federalist debate
-Andrew Jackson changed the name to Democrat from Democrat-Republican
-Came from ratification of constitution
Republican - Answers -Whig party formed in opposition to Andrew Jackson
-Whig party splits from slavery expansion issue
-Anti-slavery party joins "free soil" party to form the Republican Party
-came from anti-slavery movement preceding civil war
Hard Money - Answers Money used to directly endorse candidates
soft money - Answers money spent on "issue advocacy ads"; does not speak directly of candidate, but
issues favorable to him
Pluralism - Answers The doctrine that competition between groups produces moderation through a
process of compromise, and reduces risk of tyranny of the majority; discussed in Federalist 10 by
Madison
How do interest groups exert influence - Answers -In court through litigation and amicus curiae briefs
-With money for campaign contributions
-Lobbying (direct exertion of pressure on legislators) through personal contact, gifts, information for
legislators and staffs
Agenda setting - Answers what the public is paying attention to or has their radar on for
-strongly influenced by media
-News is major source of info on issues
-People most susceptible to media agenda setting are less educated or politically uninvolved
Framing - Answers How the public interprets issues
-Language, tone, imagery
-How the story is positioned in broadcast
-What aspects of social media focuses on
Priming - Answers Influencing standards that the public uses to judge national leaders
-focus on stories about national defense, etc.
-Can be favorable or negative toward president (and/or Congress), depending on how they are
already perceived as performing on those issues
Incentives for organizing into interest groups - Answers -An association of individuals who seek to
combine their influence to advance their policy agenda
-"pressure group"
-The one that has the biggest payout or biggest cost is most likely to be organized
Liberalism ideology - Answers Favors more centralization of power at federal level over states
Economic Liberalism - Answers Favors stronger role of government in society
-Regulation of private sector industries
-Income equalization
-Traditionally supports organized labor
-Emphasis on government programs to carry out social goals
Cultural Liberalism - Answers Tends somewhat toward moral/cultural relativism
- More secularist (less emphasis on role of religion in society)
-Traditionally espoused neutral stance on cultural issues, but has become more activist in recent
history
Conservatism ideology - Answers Favors less centralization at federal level vs. states' rights
Economic conservatism - Answers -Laissez-faire - emphasis on free market
-Emphasis on individual responsibility over government support
-Preference for smaller, more limited government
Cultural Conservatism - Answers - Emphasis on "traditional values"
- Less secular - greater emphasis on role of religion in society
Libertarianism ideology - Answers cultural liberal, economic conservative
-Favor minimal gov. and more personal autonomy
-some believe classical liberalism falls in libertarian range
Statism ideology - Answers Cultural conservative, economic liberal
-Government control over both aspects "the state" in a sense
-In extreme, totalitarianism or authoritarianism
