NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology Mid Term | Real Exam Questions with Correct Answers, Graded A+ Score Solutions.

NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology Mid Term | Real Exam Questions with Correct Answers, Graded A+ Score Solutions. Quiz_________________? Acute Blood Loss Anemia - Trauma victims who are losing blood, GI bleed (Acute) Answer Quiz_________________? Afterload - Answer The force, or load, which the heart must contract against in order to pump blood. Afterload is also known as systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Quiz_________________? Alloimmunity - Answer General term used to describe when an individual's immune system reacts against antigens on the tissues of other members of the same species. Examples: Neonatal disease where the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, Transplant rejection, Transfusion reaction Quiz_________________? Aortic Regurgitation - Answer Blood is coming back from the Aorta into the L. Ventricle through the Aortic Valve Causes Widening or aneurysmal change of the aortic annulus (ring of fibrous tissue surrounding the aorta) Endocarditis Rheumatic Fever Signs & Symptoms Fatigue Syncope SOB Palpitations Widened Pulse Pressure L. Ventricular Dilation Early diastolic murmur along left sternal border **Shortness of breath that progressively worsens High pitched early diastolic murmur heard loudest at left lower sternal border Diastolic rumbling sound at the heart's apex Systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur heard at the left upper sternal border A chest x-ray may show signs of pulmonary edema and cardiomegaly** Quiz_________________? Aortic Stenosis - Answer Blood backed up into left ventricle causing perfusion problems for the rest of the body Causes: Bicuspid aortic valve- congenital condition (only two cusps to the aortic valve which usually has three cusps)- the two cusps get damaged quicker because they are doing the work of three Age related calcification- obstruction/ stenosis Smoking, High BP, Hypertension, Hyperlipid, Diabetes Rheumatic Fever Signs & Symptoms = SAD S: Syncope A: Angina D: Dyspnea **Fainting Chest pressure upon exercising Sustained, laterally displaced apical pulse Mid-systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur heard loudest at base and radiating to the neck S4 gallop present** Quiz_________________? Aplastic Anemia - Answer Diagnosis made by blood tests and bone marrow biopsy. AA is suspected if levels of circulating erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets diminished: -Granulocyte count less than 500/ uL -Platelet count less than 20,000/ uL -Absolute reticulocyte count less than or equal to 40 x 109/ L Quiz_________________? Asthma - Answer Airways constricted Intrinsic: triggered by something internal such as anxiety Extrinsic: triggered by something in outside environment- something in the air (dust mites/pet dander) In mildest form of asthma (intermittent), short acting beta2-agonist inhalers are prescribed Mild-persistent asthma will have night symptoms 3-4 days a month Quiz_________________? Autoimmunity - Answer Autoimmune disease can be familial, Affected family members may not all develop the same disease, but several members may have different disorders characterized by a variety of hypersensitivity reactions, These include autoimmune and allergic reactions Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a variety of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-MHC genes Quiz_________________? Cardiac Output (CO) - Answer The amount of blood that the heart pumps in 1 minute. CO is also known as cardiac contractility. CO=heart rate (HR) x stroke volume (SV).