Certified Lactation Course Exam
Questions with Accurate Answers
weaning - ANSWERSthe addition of adding other foods to a diet, but not completely
stopping or ceasing breastfeeding
when did breastfeeding rates start to initially decline (i.e. in Britain), particularly among
the wealthy population? - ANSWERS16th-17th century and through the 18th century
which month did women historically think was the most important to breastfeed during?
- ANSWERSthe summer (due to food spoilage)
what three ingredients made up the first commercial formula? (early 1800's/19th
century) - ANSWERS-wheat flour
-cows milk
-sugar
what was, and still is today, one of the biggest reasons why mothers quit breastfeeding?
- ANSWERSmothers report not producing enough milk
when did bottle feeding become the "new norm", thus, causing breastfeeding rates to
continue to decline? - ANSWERS20th century (particularly, mid 1900's) (1950's-1970's)
what is the WHO code? - ANSWERSan attempt to prevent excessive marketing of ABM
(artificial baby milk) and to bring awareness of benefits of breastfeeding (although this
code is not law in many countries as it interferes with marketing & freedom)
*breastfeeding education to pubic is critical!*
what are some other breastfeeding barriers mothers have? - ANSWERS-sexual vs
functional aspects of breasts
-women in the workplace
-"im not producing enough milk"
-lack of support from medical profession
where are the breasts specifically located on the body? - ANSWERS-between 2nd & 6th
rib
-from sternum to mid axillary line
-only gland in not fully functioning at birth
*may contain hair, sweat, and oil glands
hypoplastic breasts - ANSWERS-insufficient glandular tissues
, -usually only extend from 3rd to 5th rib
-typically have more spacing between breasts (1.5 inches or more)
montgomery glands/tubercles - ANSWERS"small bumps" located around areola that
become more prominent (hypertrophy) during pregnancy & are thought to secrete
substance during pregnancy/lactation & contain scent glands to help guide infant to
nipple, while also helping kill pathogens that try to enter the body
areola - ANSWERSvary in shape & color; usually circular; become darker during
pregnancy and do not return to pre-pregnancy color
nipple - ANSWERScontain smooth muscle fibers for erectness and graspability;
normally found at 4th intercostal space that typically contain between 4-18 openings (9
on average) for milk to be expressed through during lactation
nipple/areola complex - ANSWERSthought of as one entity; both elongate up to 2-3
times resting length during breastfeeding;
areola = most sensitive part of breast
nipples = least sensitive
everted nipples - ANSWERSmost common type of nipples; protrudes slightly at rest &
everts well with stimulation
flat nipples - ANSWERSsoft, but pliable & graspable
pseudo-inverted nipples - ANSWERSappear to be inverted but will evert with stimulation
or compression
retracted nipples - ANSWERStype of inverted nipples that appear to be graspable but
retracts, rather than everts, with compression
inverted nipples/nipple inversion - ANSWERSretracted nipples that occur with retracted
both with rest and stimualtion
what are some techniques for flat/inverted nipples that may help to evert nipples? -
ANSWERS-inverted syringe
-supple cups
-breast shells
-avent nipplette
-"pinch test" in last trimester of pregnancy
supernumerary nipples - ANSWERS"3rd nipple" or "accessory nipple" found along line
of glandular tissue
what is breast tissue composed of? - ANSWERS2/3 glandular tissue
Questions with Accurate Answers
weaning - ANSWERSthe addition of adding other foods to a diet, but not completely
stopping or ceasing breastfeeding
when did breastfeeding rates start to initially decline (i.e. in Britain), particularly among
the wealthy population? - ANSWERS16th-17th century and through the 18th century
which month did women historically think was the most important to breastfeed during?
- ANSWERSthe summer (due to food spoilage)
what three ingredients made up the first commercial formula? (early 1800's/19th
century) - ANSWERS-wheat flour
-cows milk
-sugar
what was, and still is today, one of the biggest reasons why mothers quit breastfeeding?
- ANSWERSmothers report not producing enough milk
when did bottle feeding become the "new norm", thus, causing breastfeeding rates to
continue to decline? - ANSWERS20th century (particularly, mid 1900's) (1950's-1970's)
what is the WHO code? - ANSWERSan attempt to prevent excessive marketing of ABM
(artificial baby milk) and to bring awareness of benefits of breastfeeding (although this
code is not law in many countries as it interferes with marketing & freedom)
*breastfeeding education to pubic is critical!*
what are some other breastfeeding barriers mothers have? - ANSWERS-sexual vs
functional aspects of breasts
-women in the workplace
-"im not producing enough milk"
-lack of support from medical profession
where are the breasts specifically located on the body? - ANSWERS-between 2nd & 6th
rib
-from sternum to mid axillary line
-only gland in not fully functioning at birth
*may contain hair, sweat, and oil glands
hypoplastic breasts - ANSWERS-insufficient glandular tissues
, -usually only extend from 3rd to 5th rib
-typically have more spacing between breasts (1.5 inches or more)
montgomery glands/tubercles - ANSWERS"small bumps" located around areola that
become more prominent (hypertrophy) during pregnancy & are thought to secrete
substance during pregnancy/lactation & contain scent glands to help guide infant to
nipple, while also helping kill pathogens that try to enter the body
areola - ANSWERSvary in shape & color; usually circular; become darker during
pregnancy and do not return to pre-pregnancy color
nipple - ANSWERScontain smooth muscle fibers for erectness and graspability;
normally found at 4th intercostal space that typically contain between 4-18 openings (9
on average) for milk to be expressed through during lactation
nipple/areola complex - ANSWERSthought of as one entity; both elongate up to 2-3
times resting length during breastfeeding;
areola = most sensitive part of breast
nipples = least sensitive
everted nipples - ANSWERSmost common type of nipples; protrudes slightly at rest &
everts well with stimulation
flat nipples - ANSWERSsoft, but pliable & graspable
pseudo-inverted nipples - ANSWERSappear to be inverted but will evert with stimulation
or compression
retracted nipples - ANSWERStype of inverted nipples that appear to be graspable but
retracts, rather than everts, with compression
inverted nipples/nipple inversion - ANSWERSretracted nipples that occur with retracted
both with rest and stimualtion
what are some techniques for flat/inverted nipples that may help to evert nipples? -
ANSWERS-inverted syringe
-supple cups
-breast shells
-avent nipplette
-"pinch test" in last trimester of pregnancy
supernumerary nipples - ANSWERS"3rd nipple" or "accessory nipple" found along line
of glandular tissue
what is breast tissue composed of? - ANSWERS2/3 glandular tissue
