AQA A LEVEL CHEMISTRY Exam
Questions with 100% Accurate Answers
Guaranteed Pass Latest Version
1. type of isomerism shown in square planar/octahedral complexes - ANSWER
E-Z
2. isomerism shown only in octahedral complexes - ANSWER Complexes with
3 bidentate ligands can form two optical isomers (non-superimposable
mirror images)
3. Relative atomic mass - ANSWER The average mass of an atom of an
element, relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of Carbon-12
4. Relative molecular mass - ANSWER Average mass of a molecule compared
to 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12 atom
5. The Avogradro constant - ANSWER the number of particles in a mole
6. ideal gas equation - ANSWER pV = nRT
7. empirical formula - ANSWER the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of
each element in a compound
8. percentage atom economy - ANSWER (Mass of desired product/total mass
@#$%^$#@$%^&*(&^%$#@$
, of reactants) x 100
9. ionic bonding - ANSWER the electrostatic attraction between oppositely
charged ions in a lattice
10. covalent bond - ANSWER a shared pair of electrons between non-metal
elements
11. co-ordinate bond - ANSWER a shared pair of electrons where both electrons
are supplied by one atom
12. repulsion in shapes of molecules - ANSWER Lone pair-lone pair > lone
pair-bonding pair > bonding pair-bonding pair
13. electronegativity - ANSWER the power of an atom to attract the pair of
electrons in a covalent bond
14. Benzene - ANSWER An unsaturated carbon ring, with delocalised electrons
in the centre, which cannot undergo addition reactions
15. 152 - ANSWER Benzene is more stable than cyclohexene by a certain
enthalpy change
16. Electrophilic Substitution - ANSWER The mechanism to add a different R
group to a benzene ring. This is the main type of reaction that occurs as the
benzene ring is an area of high electron density so requires like charge
displacement. The ring is also very stable so the reaction has to be of a high
energy to destabilise the ring
@#$%^$#@$%^&*(&^%$#@$
, 17. Nitration - ANSWER The substitution of NO2 for one of the H on a benzene
rings
18. TNT - ANSWER Main use of a specific nitrated arene
19. Friedel-Crafts Acylation - ANSWER The substitution mechanism catalysed
by AlCl3. Which reforms at the end of the reaction
20. What are carbonyls - ANSWER compounds with a C=O bond
21. When is it an aldehyde? - ANSWER when C=O is on the end of the chain
with an H attached
22. When is it a ketone? - ANSWER if the C=O is in the middle of the chain
23. What intermolecular forces are in carbonyls? - ANSWER cant hydrogen
bond but have permanent dipole forces
24. Why are smaller carbonyls soluble in water? - ANSWER because they can
form hydrogen bonds with water
25. Why is the C=O bond polarised? - ANSWER because O is more
leectronegative than carbon,
26. what does postiive carbon atom do? - ANSWER attracts nucelophiles
@#$%^$#@$%^&*(&^%$#@$
, 27. Contrast between C=O and C=C in alkenes? - ANSWER C=O is stronger
and does not undergo addition reactions easily
28. Primary alcohols are oxidise into what? - ANSWER aldehydes
29. Aldehyes are oxidise into what (or primary alcohols further oxidises into
what) - ANSWER carboxylic acid
30. Secondary alcohols are oxidised into what? - ANSWER ketones
31. Tertiary alcohols and ketones? - ANSWER do not oxidise
32. What is needed for oxidation of aldehydes - ANSWER heat under reflux
33. Full equation for oxidation - ANSWER 3CH3CHO + Cr2O72- + 8H+ -> 3
CH3CO2H + 4H2O + 2Cr3+
34. general equation for oxidation - ANSWER RCHO + [O] -> RCO2H
35. Reagents and conditions for reduction of carbonyls - ANSWER NaBH4 or
LiAlH4 in aqueous ethanol at room temp and pressure
36. What will happen in reduction of carbonyls? - ANSWER they will be
reduced to alcohols
37. Why is NaBH4 used? - ANSWER contains a source of nucleophilic hydride
@#$%^$#@$%^&*(&^%$#@$
Questions with 100% Accurate Answers
Guaranteed Pass Latest Version
1. type of isomerism shown in square planar/octahedral complexes - ANSWER
E-Z
2. isomerism shown only in octahedral complexes - ANSWER Complexes with
3 bidentate ligands can form two optical isomers (non-superimposable
mirror images)
3. Relative atomic mass - ANSWER The average mass of an atom of an
element, relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of Carbon-12
4. Relative molecular mass - ANSWER Average mass of a molecule compared
to 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12 atom
5. The Avogradro constant - ANSWER the number of particles in a mole
6. ideal gas equation - ANSWER pV = nRT
7. empirical formula - ANSWER the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of
each element in a compound
8. percentage atom economy - ANSWER (Mass of desired product/total mass
@#$%^$#@$%^&*(&^%$#@$
, of reactants) x 100
9. ionic bonding - ANSWER the electrostatic attraction between oppositely
charged ions in a lattice
10. covalent bond - ANSWER a shared pair of electrons between non-metal
elements
11. co-ordinate bond - ANSWER a shared pair of electrons where both electrons
are supplied by one atom
12. repulsion in shapes of molecules - ANSWER Lone pair-lone pair > lone
pair-bonding pair > bonding pair-bonding pair
13. electronegativity - ANSWER the power of an atom to attract the pair of
electrons in a covalent bond
14. Benzene - ANSWER An unsaturated carbon ring, with delocalised electrons
in the centre, which cannot undergo addition reactions
15. 152 - ANSWER Benzene is more stable than cyclohexene by a certain
enthalpy change
16. Electrophilic Substitution - ANSWER The mechanism to add a different R
group to a benzene ring. This is the main type of reaction that occurs as the
benzene ring is an area of high electron density so requires like charge
displacement. The ring is also very stable so the reaction has to be of a high
energy to destabilise the ring
@#$%^$#@$%^&*(&^%$#@$
, 17. Nitration - ANSWER The substitution of NO2 for one of the H on a benzene
rings
18. TNT - ANSWER Main use of a specific nitrated arene
19. Friedel-Crafts Acylation - ANSWER The substitution mechanism catalysed
by AlCl3. Which reforms at the end of the reaction
20. What are carbonyls - ANSWER compounds with a C=O bond
21. When is it an aldehyde? - ANSWER when C=O is on the end of the chain
with an H attached
22. When is it a ketone? - ANSWER if the C=O is in the middle of the chain
23. What intermolecular forces are in carbonyls? - ANSWER cant hydrogen
bond but have permanent dipole forces
24. Why are smaller carbonyls soluble in water? - ANSWER because they can
form hydrogen bonds with water
25. Why is the C=O bond polarised? - ANSWER because O is more
leectronegative than carbon,
26. what does postiive carbon atom do? - ANSWER attracts nucelophiles
@#$%^$#@$%^&*(&^%$#@$
, 27. Contrast between C=O and C=C in alkenes? - ANSWER C=O is stronger
and does not undergo addition reactions easily
28. Primary alcohols are oxidise into what? - ANSWER aldehydes
29. Aldehyes are oxidise into what (or primary alcohols further oxidises into
what) - ANSWER carboxylic acid
30. Secondary alcohols are oxidised into what? - ANSWER ketones
31. Tertiary alcohols and ketones? - ANSWER do not oxidise
32. What is needed for oxidation of aldehydes - ANSWER heat under reflux
33. Full equation for oxidation - ANSWER 3CH3CHO + Cr2O72- + 8H+ -> 3
CH3CO2H + 4H2O + 2Cr3+
34. general equation for oxidation - ANSWER RCHO + [O] -> RCO2H
35. Reagents and conditions for reduction of carbonyls - ANSWER NaBH4 or
LiAlH4 in aqueous ethanol at room temp and pressure
36. What will happen in reduction of carbonyls? - ANSWER they will be
reduced to alcohols
37. Why is NaBH4 used? - ANSWER contains a source of nucleophilic hydride
@#$%^$#@$%^&*(&^%$#@$
