Uconn Nutrition 1165 Exam #2 Questions with Correct Answers 100% Verified By Experts|
2025/2026 Latest Update
Where does energy production from nutrients occur in our cells? Mitochondria
What pathway produces the most ATP? Glycolysis (2 ATP) + Citric Acid Cycle (2 ATP) +
Electron Transport Chain (28 ATP)
What foods are good sources of unrefined complex carbohydrates? Unrefined simple
carbohydrates? • Good sources of unrefined complex carbs: whole grains, legumes
• Good sources of unrefined simple carbs: milk, fruits, vegetables
What are the differences between refined flour and unrefined flour? Unrefined flour has
bran and germ, while refined grains are made largely from the endosperm and are mostly
starch
What is the basic unit of carbohydrate? Monosaccharides, particularly glucose and fructose
How are bonds between monosaccharides formed? Broken? • Condensation - links bonds
between sugar molecules
• Hydrolysis - breaks bonds between sugar molecules
List three common simple carbohydrates. Where are they found in the diet? Where are they
found in the body? • Glucose - corn syrup
• Galactose - milk
• Fructose - fruit
• absorbed directly into bloodstream following digestion
Why is added sugar considered a source of empty kcalories? They lack the fiber, vitamins,
and minerals found in the original plant. Low nutrient density
, List the different types of complex carbohydrates and where they are found in food •
Glycogen- No glycogen in food because lost during slaughter
• Starch- Vegetables (in roots and tubers); Grains (in seeds); Legumes ( beans)
• Dietary fiber- found in fruits/ vegetables. Can be added to foods
How do different complex carbohydrates affect our glycemic response? What nutrition
information is used to compare different carbohydrates? • Raise blood sugar SLOWLY
• Glycemic index - ranking of how a food affects blood glucose compared to a reference value
of 100
• Glycemic load - index of glycemic response that occurs after eating specific food
How does fiber affect our cardiovascular health and gastrointestinal health? Fiber isn't
digested by human enzymes. It can help by lowering a person's blood cholesterol, and increase
their transit time
What is the main function of glucose in the body? To provide immediate energy to the cell
When blood sugar drops, how do we increase it to maintain normal levels? Inject insulin,
consume carbohydrates
Describe gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis (glycogen breakdown) •Gluconeogenesis is the
synthesis of new glucose by the liver from amino acids
• Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucagon and is released to the liver to
initiate glycogenesis
What is glycogen and where is it stored? • Glycogen is a polysaccharide made of many
glucose linked in a highly branched structure
• Stored in muscles and liver in humans
• Storage form carbs in animals
2025/2026 Latest Update
Where does energy production from nutrients occur in our cells? Mitochondria
What pathway produces the most ATP? Glycolysis (2 ATP) + Citric Acid Cycle (2 ATP) +
Electron Transport Chain (28 ATP)
What foods are good sources of unrefined complex carbohydrates? Unrefined simple
carbohydrates? • Good sources of unrefined complex carbs: whole grains, legumes
• Good sources of unrefined simple carbs: milk, fruits, vegetables
What are the differences between refined flour and unrefined flour? Unrefined flour has
bran and germ, while refined grains are made largely from the endosperm and are mostly
starch
What is the basic unit of carbohydrate? Monosaccharides, particularly glucose and fructose
How are bonds between monosaccharides formed? Broken? • Condensation - links bonds
between sugar molecules
• Hydrolysis - breaks bonds between sugar molecules
List three common simple carbohydrates. Where are they found in the diet? Where are they
found in the body? • Glucose - corn syrup
• Galactose - milk
• Fructose - fruit
• absorbed directly into bloodstream following digestion
Why is added sugar considered a source of empty kcalories? They lack the fiber, vitamins,
and minerals found in the original plant. Low nutrient density
, List the different types of complex carbohydrates and where they are found in food •
Glycogen- No glycogen in food because lost during slaughter
• Starch- Vegetables (in roots and tubers); Grains (in seeds); Legumes ( beans)
• Dietary fiber- found in fruits/ vegetables. Can be added to foods
How do different complex carbohydrates affect our glycemic response? What nutrition
information is used to compare different carbohydrates? • Raise blood sugar SLOWLY
• Glycemic index - ranking of how a food affects blood glucose compared to a reference value
of 100
• Glycemic load - index of glycemic response that occurs after eating specific food
How does fiber affect our cardiovascular health and gastrointestinal health? Fiber isn't
digested by human enzymes. It can help by lowering a person's blood cholesterol, and increase
their transit time
What is the main function of glucose in the body? To provide immediate energy to the cell
When blood sugar drops, how do we increase it to maintain normal levels? Inject insulin,
consume carbohydrates
Describe gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis (glycogen breakdown) •Gluconeogenesis is the
synthesis of new glucose by the liver from amino acids
• Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucagon and is released to the liver to
initiate glycogenesis
What is glycogen and where is it stored? • Glycogen is a polysaccharide made of many
glucose linked in a highly branched structure
• Stored in muscles and liver in humans
• Storage form carbs in animals
