Class notes Intro to biology

Exam 2




Ome



-

Phagosom Fuses w/ lysosome and
digests its

content>


Autophagy :



-
encloses a damaged organelle within a membran
,

forming an
autophagosome that gets digested in lysosome
Chromosome theory of Inheritance
-

Genes are located on Chromosomes

-
Transmission of chromosomes to daughter cells in meiosis

accounts for observable inheritance
patterns of

To test & Mendel needed a model system
,


-

Garden peas

inexpensive
-




,
easy to
you
short
-

generation time

-
produce many seeds


Traits . Manyobservable tlistic of an individual

-
hair color , might

forms
Polymorphic trait that appears more
trait : two or
any in
-




~
white or purple flowers



Controlling Fertilization
-



Peas self fertilize

-
Mendel controlled fertilization by cutting off stamen from peas

Mendel collected pollen from other plants & applied pollen
-
to the




·
Carpels of the test plants (selective fatilization

Mendel studied 7 traits in pea plants
-
each trait is
polymorphic


Seed ShuprodSerdcoyogodshapat
act
Flower Dod position laxia)
terminal)
-




Phenotype : Observable trait

Mendel
always
started wh pure line (troe breeding (
-




Mendels 1st experiment : cross
examining Single
a trait

-
First cross : Seed Shape

make round seeds
parent is -
-




-


Female parents Wrinkled seeds
-
mono
hybrid cross


-
hypothesis Blended inheritance
-
-




-
Not What happened
-
cross had all round seeds (f ) .




-

disproved blended inheritance
-

let F ,
self Fertilize

Wrinkled
-

E generation - 3 : 1-round :




Male parents Female parents


X
*

~


F, generation
100 %



Self fertilize
↓




Fr
generation 3


Comedie t did not snow bereussive


-

passed on to F2