PATHO TEST BANK EXAM 1 ACTUAL EXAM
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ A 65-year-old male with a history of untreated hypertension is now
experiencing left heart failure. A nurse recalls his untreated hypertension
led to: Answer: Correct Answer: Myocardial hypertrophy and ventricular
remodeling
Response Feedback: With hypertension comes increased afterload and
resistance to ventricular emptying and more workload for the ventricle,
which responds with hypertrophy of the myocardium and ventricular
remodeling.
⩥ A 59-year-old female is diagnosed with left ventricular failure. If a
decrease in kidney perfusion occurs, the nurse knows this would
ultimately cause: Answer: Correct Answer: Increased systemic vascular
resistance
Response Feedback: With a decrease in kidney perfusion, renin is
released with the ultimate outcome of increased systemic vascular
resistance to raise blood pressure to increase blood flow to the kidney.
⩥ A 68-year-old female is experiencing left heart failure. Physical exam
reveals elevated blood pressure. The nurse understands this is most
likely caused by: Answer: Correct Answer: Sympathetic nervous system
compensation for decreased cardiac output
,Response Feedback: The sympathetic nervous system increases
peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) and leads to hypertension.
⩥ When a patient with left heart failure starts to have a cough and
dyspnea, which principle should the nurse remember? Pulmonary
symptoms, common to left heart failure, are a result of: Answer: Correct
Answer: Pulmonary vascular congestion
Response Feedback: The clinical manifestations of left heart failure are
the result of pulmonary vascular congestion and inadequate perfusion of
the systemic circulation.
⩥ A 73-year-old female has increased pulmonary pressure resulting in
right heart failure. The nurse should monitor for a possible complication
because a potential cause for her heart to fail is: Answer: Correct
Answer: Left heart failure
Response Feedback: Right-sided failure often follows left-sided failure
when pulmonary congestion forces backward flow of blood into the left
ventricle.
⩥ 65-year-old male is diagnosed with chronic pulmonary disease and
elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Which of the following heart
failures should the nurse assess for in this patient? Answer: Correct
Answer: Right heart failure
Response Feedback: Right-sided failure occurs when the patient
experiences chronic pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular
resistance because the blood has difficulty overcoming the pressure and
blood builds up in the right side of the heart.
, ⩥ A 72-year-old female has a history of right heart failure caused by a
right ventricular myocardial infarction. Which of the following
symptoms are specifically related to her right heart failure? Answer:
Correct Answer: Significant edema to both lower legs and feet
Response Feedback: Right-sided failure allows blood to back up into the
systemic circulation, leading to peripheral edema.
⩥ A 52-year-old female is diagnosed with coronary artery disease. The
nurse assesses for myocardial: Answer: Correct Answer: Ischemia
Response Feedback: Coronary artery disease leads to myocardial
ischemia.
⩥ A 56-year-old male is diagnosed with coronary artery disease. Which
of the following modifiable risk factors would the nurse suggest the
patient change? Answer: Correct Answer: Smoking cigarettes
Response Feedback: Cigarette smoking leads to vasoconstriction and
should be the first behavior the patient changes.
⩥ A 50-year-old obese male with hypertension and coronary artery
disease visits a nutritionist for food counseling. He has an elevated level
of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and a low level of high-density
lipoprotein (HDL). Which of the following should the nurse advise him
to avoid? Answer: Correct Answer: Trans fats
Response Feedback: Trans fats are primarily found in artificially
solidified (hydrogenated) oils (e.g., margarine and vegetable shortening).
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ A 65-year-old male with a history of untreated hypertension is now
experiencing left heart failure. A nurse recalls his untreated hypertension
led to: Answer: Correct Answer: Myocardial hypertrophy and ventricular
remodeling
Response Feedback: With hypertension comes increased afterload and
resistance to ventricular emptying and more workload for the ventricle,
which responds with hypertrophy of the myocardium and ventricular
remodeling.
⩥ A 59-year-old female is diagnosed with left ventricular failure. If a
decrease in kidney perfusion occurs, the nurse knows this would
ultimately cause: Answer: Correct Answer: Increased systemic vascular
resistance
Response Feedback: With a decrease in kidney perfusion, renin is
released with the ultimate outcome of increased systemic vascular
resistance to raise blood pressure to increase blood flow to the kidney.
⩥ A 68-year-old female is experiencing left heart failure. Physical exam
reveals elevated blood pressure. The nurse understands this is most
likely caused by: Answer: Correct Answer: Sympathetic nervous system
compensation for decreased cardiac output
,Response Feedback: The sympathetic nervous system increases
peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) and leads to hypertension.
⩥ When a patient with left heart failure starts to have a cough and
dyspnea, which principle should the nurse remember? Pulmonary
symptoms, common to left heart failure, are a result of: Answer: Correct
Answer: Pulmonary vascular congestion
Response Feedback: The clinical manifestations of left heart failure are
the result of pulmonary vascular congestion and inadequate perfusion of
the systemic circulation.
⩥ A 73-year-old female has increased pulmonary pressure resulting in
right heart failure. The nurse should monitor for a possible complication
because a potential cause for her heart to fail is: Answer: Correct
Answer: Left heart failure
Response Feedback: Right-sided failure often follows left-sided failure
when pulmonary congestion forces backward flow of blood into the left
ventricle.
⩥ 65-year-old male is diagnosed with chronic pulmonary disease and
elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Which of the following heart
failures should the nurse assess for in this patient? Answer: Correct
Answer: Right heart failure
Response Feedback: Right-sided failure occurs when the patient
experiences chronic pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular
resistance because the blood has difficulty overcoming the pressure and
blood builds up in the right side of the heart.
, ⩥ A 72-year-old female has a history of right heart failure caused by a
right ventricular myocardial infarction. Which of the following
symptoms are specifically related to her right heart failure? Answer:
Correct Answer: Significant edema to both lower legs and feet
Response Feedback: Right-sided failure allows blood to back up into the
systemic circulation, leading to peripheral edema.
⩥ A 52-year-old female is diagnosed with coronary artery disease. The
nurse assesses for myocardial: Answer: Correct Answer: Ischemia
Response Feedback: Coronary artery disease leads to myocardial
ischemia.
⩥ A 56-year-old male is diagnosed with coronary artery disease. Which
of the following modifiable risk factors would the nurse suggest the
patient change? Answer: Correct Answer: Smoking cigarettes
Response Feedback: Cigarette smoking leads to vasoconstriction and
should be the first behavior the patient changes.
⩥ A 50-year-old obese male with hypertension and coronary artery
disease visits a nutritionist for food counseling. He has an elevated level
of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and a low level of high-density
lipoprotein (HDL). Which of the following should the nurse advise him
to avoid? Answer: Correct Answer: Trans fats
Response Feedback: Trans fats are primarily found in artificially
solidified (hydrogenated) oils (e.g., margarine and vegetable shortening).
