CAPSTONE FUNDAMENTALS WESTERN
GOVERNORS UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION TEST
2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉Unlike other domestic species, the spinal cord in the dog ends at which
of the following vertebra?
A) S1
B) L6
C) L7
D) T13 . Answer: B) L6
◉In the feline patient, the spinal cord ends at the level of which of the
following vertebra?
A) S1
B) L6
C) L7
D) T13 . Answer: C) L7
,◉Which statement regarding swine anesthesia is true?
A) Oscillometric blood pressure monitors work well in pigs
B) All pigs should have complete blood work before anesthesia
C) Pigs are very sensitive to alpha-2-agonists
D) Intravenous sedation is virtually impossible in healthy pigs . Answer:
D) Intravenous sedation is virtually impossible in healthy pigs
◉Which of the following is not a contraindication for epidural
administration?
A) Pyoderma
B) Coagulopathy
C) Breed
D) Septicemia . Answer: C) Breed
◉Which of the following drug combinations is considered
neuroleptanalgesia?
A) Atropine & Morphine
B) Midazolam & etomidate
C) Hydromorphone & Acepromazine
,D) Butorphanol & oxymorphone . Answer: C) Hydromorphone &
Acepromazine
◉Which of the following fluids is considered a synthetic colloid?
A) Lactated Ringer's Solution
B) Hetastarch
C) Fresh frozen plasma
D) 0.9% saline . Answer: B) Hetastarch
◉Which of the following conditions does not occur in porcine stress
syndrome?
A) Hypothermia
B) Hyperthermia
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Hypercapnia . Answer: A) Hypothermia
◉Why should glycopyrrolate be used in rabbits instead of atropine?
A) Atropine is highly toxic in rabbits
B) Many rabbits have highly levels of atropinase, so atropine is
relatively ineffective
, C) Rabbits are unable to metabolize atropine
D) Atropine causes marked bradycardia in rabbits . Answer: B) Many
rabbits have high levels of atropinase so atropine is relatively ineffective
◉Which of the following is not a consideration for blood administration
during surgery?
A) Type of procedure and blood loss anticipated
B) Age and breed of patient
C) Hemoglobin content of the patient's blood
D) Hematocrit of the patient's blood . Answer: B) Age and breed of
patient
◉Why might you not get an accurate reading from a pulse oximeter in
small mammals?
A) The heart rate of the animal may exceed the upper range of the
instrument
B) The hemoglobin absorption characteristics are different in rodents
and dogs and cats
C) Pulse oximeters do not function on animals that have dark fur
D) Small rodents have a rapid respiratory rate . Answer: A) The heart
rate of the animal may exceed the upper range of the instrument
GOVERNORS UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION TEST
2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉Unlike other domestic species, the spinal cord in the dog ends at which
of the following vertebra?
A) S1
B) L6
C) L7
D) T13 . Answer: B) L6
◉In the feline patient, the spinal cord ends at the level of which of the
following vertebra?
A) S1
B) L6
C) L7
D) T13 . Answer: C) L7
,◉Which statement regarding swine anesthesia is true?
A) Oscillometric blood pressure monitors work well in pigs
B) All pigs should have complete blood work before anesthesia
C) Pigs are very sensitive to alpha-2-agonists
D) Intravenous sedation is virtually impossible in healthy pigs . Answer:
D) Intravenous sedation is virtually impossible in healthy pigs
◉Which of the following is not a contraindication for epidural
administration?
A) Pyoderma
B) Coagulopathy
C) Breed
D) Septicemia . Answer: C) Breed
◉Which of the following drug combinations is considered
neuroleptanalgesia?
A) Atropine & Morphine
B) Midazolam & etomidate
C) Hydromorphone & Acepromazine
,D) Butorphanol & oxymorphone . Answer: C) Hydromorphone &
Acepromazine
◉Which of the following fluids is considered a synthetic colloid?
A) Lactated Ringer's Solution
B) Hetastarch
C) Fresh frozen plasma
D) 0.9% saline . Answer: B) Hetastarch
◉Which of the following conditions does not occur in porcine stress
syndrome?
A) Hypothermia
B) Hyperthermia
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Hypercapnia . Answer: A) Hypothermia
◉Why should glycopyrrolate be used in rabbits instead of atropine?
A) Atropine is highly toxic in rabbits
B) Many rabbits have highly levels of atropinase, so atropine is
relatively ineffective
, C) Rabbits are unable to metabolize atropine
D) Atropine causes marked bradycardia in rabbits . Answer: B) Many
rabbits have high levels of atropinase so atropine is relatively ineffective
◉Which of the following is not a consideration for blood administration
during surgery?
A) Type of procedure and blood loss anticipated
B) Age and breed of patient
C) Hemoglobin content of the patient's blood
D) Hematocrit of the patient's blood . Answer: B) Age and breed of
patient
◉Why might you not get an accurate reading from a pulse oximeter in
small mammals?
A) The heart rate of the animal may exceed the upper range of the
instrument
B) The hemoglobin absorption characteristics are different in rodents
and dogs and cats
C) Pulse oximeters do not function on animals that have dark fur
D) Small rodents have a rapid respiratory rate . Answer: A) The heart
rate of the animal may exceed the upper range of the instrument
