GMS 6474 Mega Final EXAM WITH ANSWERS

GMS 6474 Mega Final EXAM WITH
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ANSWERS

I band - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- thin filaments
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- titin
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- z disc
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A band - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- thick and thin filaments
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H zone - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- thick filaments
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M line - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- middle
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- thick filaments
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Sarcoplamic reticulum - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



membraneous smooth ER |\ |\




- wraps around sarcomeres throughout myofibrils
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- stores Ca2+
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Triad - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- sarcoplasmic reticulum
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- terminal cisterna
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,- t-tubules
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- joining
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Transmural pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Pi - Po |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




- pressure difference across a vessel wall
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Eeq - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- (-61.5/z)
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log(inside/outside)
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- equilibrium potential
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Ena - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- +60 mV
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Ek - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- -90 mV
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Eca - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- +130 mV
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Fast voltage-gated Na+ channels - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔- open at -70 mV |\ |\ |\ |\




- similar to those in muscle and neural tissue
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- rapid activation - opening of m gates
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- rapid inactivation - closure of h gates
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,- Na enters down concentration gradient
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- generates inward membrane potential
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Cardiac K+ channels - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- outward
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flow
- inward rectifyer
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- transient outward K+ current
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- 2x delayed rectifyer K+ currents
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Cardiac Ca2+ channels - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- T-type
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- L-type (more prevalent)
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T-type Ca2+ channels - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- tiny
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conductance
- transient openings
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- mostly in pacemaker and atrial tissue
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- opens at -55 mV
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- fairly rapid inactivation
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L-type Ca2+ channels - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- large
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conductance
- long lasting opening
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- all throughout heart
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, - open at -40 mV
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- slower inactivation
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- inward (depolarizing) current
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Mixed conductance channels - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-
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funny current (If)
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- permeable to Na+ & K+
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- activated by hyperpolarization
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- net inward Na+ current
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- small conductance channel
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60-100 - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- SA node normal pace
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40-60 - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- AV node normal pace
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20-40 - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- purkinje system
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Postive deflection - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- leads 3, 4, 5,
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6
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Negative deflection - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- AVR
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