BKAT EXAMINATION TEST QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2026
◉ Drugs to decrease preload/CVP/PAWP. Answer: Venous Dilators -
Nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, amrinone, alpha & Ca channel blockers
Diuretics - Furosemide, bumex, mannitol
◉ Drugs to increase preload/CVP/PAWP. Answer: Volume - Colloid,
crystalloids, blood, hetastarch
Dysrhythmia control - antirhythmics, pacemaker, AICD
◉ Complications when using thrombolytics. Answer: Allergic
reaction, bleeding/hemorrhage, stroke
◉ Failure to capture. Answer: Pacer delivers a stimulus at the
appropriate time but no depolarization occurs. No P or QRS wave
after pacer spike.
◉ Failure to fire/pace. Answer: No pacer spikes seen
◉ Failure to sense. Answer: Pacemaker does not detects heart's
intrinsic activity or interprets noncardiac activity as intrinsic
activity. Spikes in inappropriate times.
,◉ Normal PR. Answer: 0.12 - 0.20
◉ Normal QRS. Answer: 0.04-0.10
◉ Normal QT. Answer: Less than 0.48. Varies by age, HR, and gender.
◉ Vasopressors. Answer: Epinepherine, norepinepherine, dopamine,
phenylephrine/neosynephrine, vasopressin/pitressin,
milrinone/Primacor, dobutamine/Dobutrex
◉ Indication for dopamine/Intropin. Answer: Acts on SNS to
increased HR and BP. Indicated for hypotension, low CO, decreased
renal blood flow. Use if patient is bradycardic.
◉ SE of dopamine. Answer: Watch volume and starting BP. Use
central line. Inactivated by sodium bicarb. Can cause acidosis. SE:
ectopic beats, tachycardia, tissue necrosis d/t extravasation
◉ Treatment of dopamine extravasation. Answer: Phentaolmine 5-
10 mg and possibly nitropaste to vasodilate
◉ Indication for norepinepherine/Levophed. Answer: Indicated for
diastolic hypotension (specifically decreased SVR) and septic shock.
, Stimulates alpha & beta receptors. Increased contractility, HR, and
vasoconstriction.
◉ SE of norepinepherine. Answer: Replace volume first because it
can cause GI and renal hypoperfusion. Have a central line. SE:
dizziness, HA, hyperglycemia, myocardial/mesenteric/renal
ischemia, tissue necrosis with extravasation.
◉ Treatment of norepinepherine, epinepherinem, dobutamine, and
Neosynephrine extravasation. Answer: Phentaolmine 5-10 mg.
◉ Indications for epinepherine/Adrenalin. Answer: Simulates alpha
and beta receptors. Used post cardiac surgery for "stunned"
myocardium. ACLS protocol. Bronchial relaxation at low doses,
increased contractility at high doses.
◉ SE of epinepherine. Answer: SE: myocardial/mesenteric/renal
ischemia, tachycardia, hyperglycemia, HA, tissues necrosis with
extravasation
◉ SE of phenylephrine/Neosynephrine. Answer: Pure alpha
stimulator. Used during C/P bypass, anesthesia induced
hypotension, vascular failure in shock. Vasoconstricts arterioles
without cardiac effect.
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2026
◉ Drugs to decrease preload/CVP/PAWP. Answer: Venous Dilators -
Nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, amrinone, alpha & Ca channel blockers
Diuretics - Furosemide, bumex, mannitol
◉ Drugs to increase preload/CVP/PAWP. Answer: Volume - Colloid,
crystalloids, blood, hetastarch
Dysrhythmia control - antirhythmics, pacemaker, AICD
◉ Complications when using thrombolytics. Answer: Allergic
reaction, bleeding/hemorrhage, stroke
◉ Failure to capture. Answer: Pacer delivers a stimulus at the
appropriate time but no depolarization occurs. No P or QRS wave
after pacer spike.
◉ Failure to fire/pace. Answer: No pacer spikes seen
◉ Failure to sense. Answer: Pacemaker does not detects heart's
intrinsic activity or interprets noncardiac activity as intrinsic
activity. Spikes in inappropriate times.
,◉ Normal PR. Answer: 0.12 - 0.20
◉ Normal QRS. Answer: 0.04-0.10
◉ Normal QT. Answer: Less than 0.48. Varies by age, HR, and gender.
◉ Vasopressors. Answer: Epinepherine, norepinepherine, dopamine,
phenylephrine/neosynephrine, vasopressin/pitressin,
milrinone/Primacor, dobutamine/Dobutrex
◉ Indication for dopamine/Intropin. Answer: Acts on SNS to
increased HR and BP. Indicated for hypotension, low CO, decreased
renal blood flow. Use if patient is bradycardic.
◉ SE of dopamine. Answer: Watch volume and starting BP. Use
central line. Inactivated by sodium bicarb. Can cause acidosis. SE:
ectopic beats, tachycardia, tissue necrosis d/t extravasation
◉ Treatment of dopamine extravasation. Answer: Phentaolmine 5-
10 mg and possibly nitropaste to vasodilate
◉ Indication for norepinepherine/Levophed. Answer: Indicated for
diastolic hypotension (specifically decreased SVR) and septic shock.
, Stimulates alpha & beta receptors. Increased contractility, HR, and
vasoconstriction.
◉ SE of norepinepherine. Answer: Replace volume first because it
can cause GI and renal hypoperfusion. Have a central line. SE:
dizziness, HA, hyperglycemia, myocardial/mesenteric/renal
ischemia, tissue necrosis with extravasation.
◉ Treatment of norepinepherine, epinepherinem, dobutamine, and
Neosynephrine extravasation. Answer: Phentaolmine 5-10 mg.
◉ Indications for epinepherine/Adrenalin. Answer: Simulates alpha
and beta receptors. Used post cardiac surgery for "stunned"
myocardium. ACLS protocol. Bronchial relaxation at low doses,
increased contractility at high doses.
◉ SE of epinepherine. Answer: SE: myocardial/mesenteric/renal
ischemia, tachycardia, hyperglycemia, HA, tissues necrosis with
extravasation
◉ SE of phenylephrine/Neosynephrine. Answer: Pure alpha
stimulator. Used during C/P bypass, anesthesia induced
hypotension, vascular failure in shock. Vasoconstricts arterioles
without cardiac effect.
