Biology 2160 Exam 1 Crousillac Final
Exam and All Correct Answers 2025-
2026 Updated.
Levels of Organization - Answer Molecules -> Cells -> Tissue -> Organs -> Organ Systems
The four major cell/ tissue types - Answer Neurons, Muscle, Epithelial, Connective
Endocrine gland - Answer Secrete molecules (hormones) directly into the blood stream
Exocrine gland - Answer Utilize a duct. secrete molecules into a body cavity, or to the
exterior of the body. i.e. stomach, salivary, sweat glands.
Neurons - Answer Specialized for sending and receiving information.
Epithelial - Answer Found on organs, glands, and lining body cavities.
Connective tissue cells - Answer Characterized by very few cells and a lot of extracellular
materials.
Homeostasis - Answer 1. The ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment
despite fluctuations in the external environment.
2. Deviation from homeostasis indicates disease
3. Mainly achieved from negative feedback
Negative feedback - Answer 1. helps return internal conditions to a set point when they
deviate too far outside of an acceptable range. The input and the output are opposites.
Example: shivering when you get cold.
Job of negative feedback sensors, integrating center, and effectors - Answer 1. Detects
change and send info to the integrating center
2. Assesses change around a set point. The integrating center then sends intructions to an
effector.
3. Make the apporiate adjustments
Regulated variable - Answer Any internal condition that must be monitored and maintained
within hte system.
, What are "noraml" glucose levels? - Answer 1. "Normal" is a relative term, and indicates an
acceptable range.
2. Can change depending on physiological state/activity, for example, right after eating vs. right
before eating
Why do people shiver when they have a fever? - Answer 1. Fever is a physiological response
2. Involves changing the body temperature set point (hypothalamus)
3. Elevated set point causes heat retaining/producing physiological responses such as
vasoconstriction and shivering
4. Shivering helps make fever happen
5. Individuals with fever feel cold because set point has changed
Antagonistic effectors - Answer 1. Homeostasis is often maintained by opposing effectors
that move conditions in opposite directions.
2.This maintains conditions within a certain normal range, or dynamic constancy.
3. When you are hot, you sweat; when you are cold, you shiver. These are antagonistic
reactions.
How does positive feedback work? - Answer 1. Moves conditions further away from a set
point. The input and the output in a positive feedback loop are the same.
Example: uterine contractions during child birth.
2. Release of oxytocin causes the uterus to contract. This pushes the baby's head against the
cervix, activating stretch receptors that signal to the hypothalamus. This results in more
oxytocin release, which results in stronger contractions. etc. etc.
What is an Electron orbital? - Answer The three-dimensional space around the nucleus of an
atom where an electron will be found.
What is an atom with an electron shell complete called? - Answer Inert atom
What is a chemical bond? - Answer A bond between two atoms.
Rank these elements from least electronegative to most electronegative. C,H,O,N - Answer
H<C<N<O
What is a molecule? - Answer Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
Exam and All Correct Answers 2025-
2026 Updated.
Levels of Organization - Answer Molecules -> Cells -> Tissue -> Organs -> Organ Systems
The four major cell/ tissue types - Answer Neurons, Muscle, Epithelial, Connective
Endocrine gland - Answer Secrete molecules (hormones) directly into the blood stream
Exocrine gland - Answer Utilize a duct. secrete molecules into a body cavity, or to the
exterior of the body. i.e. stomach, salivary, sweat glands.
Neurons - Answer Specialized for sending and receiving information.
Epithelial - Answer Found on organs, glands, and lining body cavities.
Connective tissue cells - Answer Characterized by very few cells and a lot of extracellular
materials.
Homeostasis - Answer 1. The ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment
despite fluctuations in the external environment.
2. Deviation from homeostasis indicates disease
3. Mainly achieved from negative feedback
Negative feedback - Answer 1. helps return internal conditions to a set point when they
deviate too far outside of an acceptable range. The input and the output are opposites.
Example: shivering when you get cold.
Job of negative feedback sensors, integrating center, and effectors - Answer 1. Detects
change and send info to the integrating center
2. Assesses change around a set point. The integrating center then sends intructions to an
effector.
3. Make the apporiate adjustments
Regulated variable - Answer Any internal condition that must be monitored and maintained
within hte system.
, What are "noraml" glucose levels? - Answer 1. "Normal" is a relative term, and indicates an
acceptable range.
2. Can change depending on physiological state/activity, for example, right after eating vs. right
before eating
Why do people shiver when they have a fever? - Answer 1. Fever is a physiological response
2. Involves changing the body temperature set point (hypothalamus)
3. Elevated set point causes heat retaining/producing physiological responses such as
vasoconstriction and shivering
4. Shivering helps make fever happen
5. Individuals with fever feel cold because set point has changed
Antagonistic effectors - Answer 1. Homeostasis is often maintained by opposing effectors
that move conditions in opposite directions.
2.This maintains conditions within a certain normal range, or dynamic constancy.
3. When you are hot, you sweat; when you are cold, you shiver. These are antagonistic
reactions.
How does positive feedback work? - Answer 1. Moves conditions further away from a set
point. The input and the output in a positive feedback loop are the same.
Example: uterine contractions during child birth.
2. Release of oxytocin causes the uterus to contract. This pushes the baby's head against the
cervix, activating stretch receptors that signal to the hypothalamus. This results in more
oxytocin release, which results in stronger contractions. etc. etc.
What is an Electron orbital? - Answer The three-dimensional space around the nucleus of an
atom where an electron will be found.
What is an atom with an electron shell complete called? - Answer Inert atom
What is a chemical bond? - Answer A bond between two atoms.
Rank these elements from least electronegative to most electronegative. C,H,O,N - Answer
H<C<N<O
What is a molecule? - Answer Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
