TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
2026 GRADED A+
◉ Alzheimer's. Answer: Characterized by beta amyloid plaques and
neurofibrillary tangles
◉ Aphasia. Answer: Is the most common language disorder in the
elderly and occurs in up to a third of the patients in an acute phase
following stroke. Aphasia is an inability to express or understand the
meaning of words due to damage in the language areas. Damage is most
frequently due to stroke in the left hemisphere, but can be due to brain
tumor, trauma, infection, dementia, or surgery. In addition to spoken
language, writing, reading, and the ability to gesture also may be
impaired
◉ Changes of aging that could affect therapeutic communication:.
Answer: Visual communication- position objects within their visual
field. Hearing communication- Do not shout. Project voice from the
diaphragm (deepens tone). Stand in front of them if they can lip read.
Speak into the good ear. Limit background noise. Allow adequate time
for a response. Use short sentences and speak clearly. Enunciate words.
Write things out.
Speech Communication-individuals with speech or language difficulties
might be more anxious or self-aware. Limit distractions, make eye
contact, position yourself in front of the person. Use facial or body
, language. Use written communication. Use short complete sentences.
Summarize message for accuracy. Take your time.
◉ Satir's Basic principles for Communication. Answer: invite, arrange
environment, maximize communication, maximize understanding, and
follow through
◉ AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication). Answer: refers
to all forms of communication that enhance or supplement speech and
writing, either, temporarily or permanently. AAC can both enhance
(augmentative) and replace (alternative) conventional forms of
expression for people who can't communicate through speech, writing,
or gestures.
◉ difference between ADLs and IADLs (instrumental activities of daily
living). Answer: Activities of daily living (ADLs): include activities of
daily life such as bathing, dressing, transferring, walking, eating, and
continence.
◉ IADs (instrumental activities of daily living). Answer: Instrumental
activities of daily living (IADLs): Activities related to independent
living, they include meal preparation, money management, shopping,
housework, and using a telephone.
Nurses can use instruments to identify elderly individuals who benefit
from an increased level of care or add support.