UNE: BIO 1010 Midterm Exam
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Updated.
the order of the scientific method - Answer 1. make observations
2. make a hypothesis
3. design the experiment
4. record data
5. draw conclusions
6. make a new hypothesis
what are the qualifications for a hypothesis? - Answer 1. must be testable and falsifiable
2. must use deductive and inductive reasoning
Deductive vs. Inductive Reasoning - Answer Deductive: general to specific
Inductive: specific to general
deductive: you make a general observation and make a more specific hypothesis
inductive: you make a specific observation and make a more general hypothesis
independent variable - Answer The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable
whose effect is being studied.
what is being manipulated by the investigation
dependent variable - Answer The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response
to manipulations of the independent variable.
represent the results of the investigation or experiment
Organization of living things - Answer atoms--> molecules--> organelles--> cells--> organs-->
organisms--> populations--> communities--> ecosystems--> biospheres
,atoms - Answer the smallest functional unit of matter
can not be broke down into other susbrances
3 subatomic particles - Answer protons +
neutrons
electrons -
95% of the atoms in living organisms - Answer are made up of:
hydrogen
oxygen
carbon
nitrogen
hydrogen- oxygen= water
nitrogen= proteins
carbons= building blocks
mineral elements only make up what percent of living things - Answer 1%
trace elements make up what percent of living things - Answer less than .01%
Isotopes - Answer Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
atoms of an element that differ in the number of nuertrons the their atoms carry
potential energy - Answer stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object
electrons of the atom differs in their ptinetianl energy this is called the level of the electron shell
- Answer
,each electron orbital can only hold two electrons - Answer an atom with two or more
electrons will have more than on orbital. the orbital is the path that the electron follows
most of the mass of an atom is found in the - Answer nucleus because protons and neutrons
have the most mass
if c14 is the isotope of c12 and has an atomic number 6 how many nuetrons does it have? -
Answer 14-6=8 nuetrons
14 electrons
6 protons from the atomic number
atomic number - Answer the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
the number of protons= the number of nuetrons - Answer
covalent bonds - Answer Bonds created by sharing electrons with other atoms.
polar covalent
non polar covalent
Three types of bonds - Answer covalent, ionic, hydrogen
covalent bonding - Answer results from the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms
occurs between atoms who's outer electron shells are not full so they share to make a stronger
bond
two types of covalent bonding:
non polar covalent
polar covalent
octet rule - Answer States that atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to acquire a full
set of eight valence electrons
, atoms are the most stable when their outer shells are full
polar covalent bond - Answer A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally
electrons are not going to be shared equally and each atom has a different electronegitivty
not shared equally
Electronegativity - Answer A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to
attract electrons
the higher the electronegitiviy the more it is going to pull the electron to its side
non parlar covalent bond - Answer equal sharing between atoms with similar
elecronegitivites
ex: O2
hydrogen bond - Answer weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom
DNA is made through hydrogen bonding
individually very weak but if there are a whole bunch of individual H bonds that make a larger
collective then they are gong to be stronger
ionic bond - Answer Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to
another
complete transfer of electrons
ions are formed when atoms lose or gain electrons
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Updated.
the order of the scientific method - Answer 1. make observations
2. make a hypothesis
3. design the experiment
4. record data
5. draw conclusions
6. make a new hypothesis
what are the qualifications for a hypothesis? - Answer 1. must be testable and falsifiable
2. must use deductive and inductive reasoning
Deductive vs. Inductive Reasoning - Answer Deductive: general to specific
Inductive: specific to general
deductive: you make a general observation and make a more specific hypothesis
inductive: you make a specific observation and make a more general hypothesis
independent variable - Answer The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable
whose effect is being studied.
what is being manipulated by the investigation
dependent variable - Answer The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response
to manipulations of the independent variable.
represent the results of the investigation or experiment
Organization of living things - Answer atoms--> molecules--> organelles--> cells--> organs-->
organisms--> populations--> communities--> ecosystems--> biospheres
,atoms - Answer the smallest functional unit of matter
can not be broke down into other susbrances
3 subatomic particles - Answer protons +
neutrons
electrons -
95% of the atoms in living organisms - Answer are made up of:
hydrogen
oxygen
carbon
nitrogen
hydrogen- oxygen= water
nitrogen= proteins
carbons= building blocks
mineral elements only make up what percent of living things - Answer 1%
trace elements make up what percent of living things - Answer less than .01%
Isotopes - Answer Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
atoms of an element that differ in the number of nuertrons the their atoms carry
potential energy - Answer stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object
electrons of the atom differs in their ptinetianl energy this is called the level of the electron shell
- Answer
,each electron orbital can only hold two electrons - Answer an atom with two or more
electrons will have more than on orbital. the orbital is the path that the electron follows
most of the mass of an atom is found in the - Answer nucleus because protons and neutrons
have the most mass
if c14 is the isotope of c12 and has an atomic number 6 how many nuetrons does it have? -
Answer 14-6=8 nuetrons
14 electrons
6 protons from the atomic number
atomic number - Answer the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
the number of protons= the number of nuetrons - Answer
covalent bonds - Answer Bonds created by sharing electrons with other atoms.
polar covalent
non polar covalent
Three types of bonds - Answer covalent, ionic, hydrogen
covalent bonding - Answer results from the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms
occurs between atoms who's outer electron shells are not full so they share to make a stronger
bond
two types of covalent bonding:
non polar covalent
polar covalent
octet rule - Answer States that atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to acquire a full
set of eight valence electrons
, atoms are the most stable when their outer shells are full
polar covalent bond - Answer A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally
electrons are not going to be shared equally and each atom has a different electronegitivty
not shared equally
Electronegativity - Answer A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to
attract electrons
the higher the electronegitiviy the more it is going to pull the electron to its side
non parlar covalent bond - Answer equal sharing between atoms with similar
elecronegitivites
ex: O2
hydrogen bond - Answer weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom
DNA is made through hydrogen bonding
individually very weak but if there are a whole bunch of individual H bonds that make a larger
collective then they are gong to be stronger
ionic bond - Answer Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to
another
complete transfer of electrons
ions are formed when atoms lose or gain electrons
