HTHS 1110 Module 10 Final Exam
Questions and All Correct.
Describe the functions of the muscle tissue - Answer 1. producing body movements
2. stabilizing body positions
3. storing and moving substances within the body
4. generating heat
Skeletal muscle - Answer -striated, voluntary
-long tubes formed from fusion (synctium) of myoblasts
-dozens or hundreds of eccentric nuclei, along a fused muscle cell
Cardiac muscle - Answer -striated, involuntary
-single cells, branched, connected at intercalated discs
-one or two central nuclei
Smooth muscle - Answer -single cells, unbranched, spindle shaped
-single nucleus in center of the cell
-involuntary
Muscle cell proteins - Answer -thin filaments made of up of globular actin
-use actin and myosin (interacts with actin to contract)
Regulatory proteins - Answer control how actin and myosin interaction
Structural protein - Answer keep actin filaments and myosin filaments in correct orientation
Skeletal muscle key features - Answer -repeating structures (sarcomeres) give muscle a
striated appearance
-sarcomere is the main functional unit of muscle and basic unit of contraction
Cardiac muscle key features - Answer -branched fibers
-1 to 2 nuceli per cell
-cells joined by intercalated discs that have multiple desmosomes
-gap junctions to transmit electrical impulses between cells
,-muscle can't be torn by contraction
Smooth muscle key features - Answer -small cells
-single nucleus per cell
-spindle shaped
-involuntary
-no electrical or Ca ++ management
Muscle organization from biggest to smallest - Answer muscle -> fascicle -> muscle fiber
(muscle cell) -> myofibril -> sarcomere
Sarcomeres - Answer -divide smallest strands (myofibrils) lengthwise
-interdigitated strands of thin filaments (actin & other proteins) and myosin (thick filaments)
Muscle fiber/cell - Answer -one is the product of many embryonic muscle cells fusing into
one long tube with multiple nuclei (syncytium)
-runs entire length of a muscle
-each is surrounded by plasma membrane of cell (sarcolemma)
-inside are sacs and tubules are dozens of myofibrils divided into sarcomeres
Epimysium - Answer -surrounds entire muscle
-connected to, and continuous with a tendon, the periosteum of the bone
-dense irregular connective tissue
Perimysium - Answer -surrounds muscle fascicle
-dense irregular connective tissue
Endomysium - Answer -surrounds a muscle fiber (muscle cell)
-areolar connective tissue
Myofibrils - Answer -a muscle cell has dozens of myofibrils (tube)
-group of highly contractile proteins
-surrounded by electrical and calcium management systems (transverse tubules & sarcoplasmic
reticulum)
, Transverse tubules (T tubules) - Answer used to carry electrical change into core of muscle
fiber (muscle contraction)
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) - Answer stored calcium ions
Triad - Answer formed by branch of 1 transverse tubule plus 2 sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum
Organization of the myofibril - Answer -contains numerous sarcomeres (contractile unit)
-contractile proteins: actin and myosin
Organization of sarcomere - Answer -H zone
-I band
-A band
-Z disc
H zone - Answer myosin filaments found alone
I band - Answer actin filaments found alone
A band - Answer myosin and actin overlap
Z discs (lines) - Answer -where actin thin filaments are linked
-forms borders of sarcomere
-sarcomere contracts = move closer together
Neuromuscular junction - Answer -point of contact between nervous and muscular systems
is the neuromuscular junction
-neurons work by releasing chemical substances into other cells -> cause an electrical change in
the cell that receives the message
Motor neurons - Answer -cells in the nervous system that control muscle tissue
-receive input via the brain from the spinal cord and a reflex pathway within the spinal cord
-generate electrical impulse (action potential) which travels along the axon to the axon terminal
Questions and All Correct.
Describe the functions of the muscle tissue - Answer 1. producing body movements
2. stabilizing body positions
3. storing and moving substances within the body
4. generating heat
Skeletal muscle - Answer -striated, voluntary
-long tubes formed from fusion (synctium) of myoblasts
-dozens or hundreds of eccentric nuclei, along a fused muscle cell
Cardiac muscle - Answer -striated, involuntary
-single cells, branched, connected at intercalated discs
-one or two central nuclei
Smooth muscle - Answer -single cells, unbranched, spindle shaped
-single nucleus in center of the cell
-involuntary
Muscle cell proteins - Answer -thin filaments made of up of globular actin
-use actin and myosin (interacts with actin to contract)
Regulatory proteins - Answer control how actin and myosin interaction
Structural protein - Answer keep actin filaments and myosin filaments in correct orientation
Skeletal muscle key features - Answer -repeating structures (sarcomeres) give muscle a
striated appearance
-sarcomere is the main functional unit of muscle and basic unit of contraction
Cardiac muscle key features - Answer -branched fibers
-1 to 2 nuceli per cell
-cells joined by intercalated discs that have multiple desmosomes
-gap junctions to transmit electrical impulses between cells
,-muscle can't be torn by contraction
Smooth muscle key features - Answer -small cells
-single nucleus per cell
-spindle shaped
-involuntary
-no electrical or Ca ++ management
Muscle organization from biggest to smallest - Answer muscle -> fascicle -> muscle fiber
(muscle cell) -> myofibril -> sarcomere
Sarcomeres - Answer -divide smallest strands (myofibrils) lengthwise
-interdigitated strands of thin filaments (actin & other proteins) and myosin (thick filaments)
Muscle fiber/cell - Answer -one is the product of many embryonic muscle cells fusing into
one long tube with multiple nuclei (syncytium)
-runs entire length of a muscle
-each is surrounded by plasma membrane of cell (sarcolemma)
-inside are sacs and tubules are dozens of myofibrils divided into sarcomeres
Epimysium - Answer -surrounds entire muscle
-connected to, and continuous with a tendon, the periosteum of the bone
-dense irregular connective tissue
Perimysium - Answer -surrounds muscle fascicle
-dense irregular connective tissue
Endomysium - Answer -surrounds a muscle fiber (muscle cell)
-areolar connective tissue
Myofibrils - Answer -a muscle cell has dozens of myofibrils (tube)
-group of highly contractile proteins
-surrounded by electrical and calcium management systems (transverse tubules & sarcoplasmic
reticulum)
, Transverse tubules (T tubules) - Answer used to carry electrical change into core of muscle
fiber (muscle contraction)
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) - Answer stored calcium ions
Triad - Answer formed by branch of 1 transverse tubule plus 2 sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum
Organization of the myofibril - Answer -contains numerous sarcomeres (contractile unit)
-contractile proteins: actin and myosin
Organization of sarcomere - Answer -H zone
-I band
-A band
-Z disc
H zone - Answer myosin filaments found alone
I band - Answer actin filaments found alone
A band - Answer myosin and actin overlap
Z discs (lines) - Answer -where actin thin filaments are linked
-forms borders of sarcomere
-sarcomere contracts = move closer together
Neuromuscular junction - Answer -point of contact between nervous and muscular systems
is the neuromuscular junction
-neurons work by releasing chemical substances into other cells -> cause an electrical change in
the cell that receives the message
Motor neurons - Answer -cells in the nervous system that control muscle tissue
-receive input via the brain from the spinal cord and a reflex pathway within the spinal cord
-generate electrical impulse (action potential) which travels along the axon to the axon terminal
