HTHS 1110 Midterm Exam Study Guide
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Updated.
Embryology - Answer The first 8 weeks of development
Developmental Biology - Answer All stages of development
Cell Biology - Answer Cell structure and function
Histology - Answer Microscopic structure of tissues
Surface Anatomy - Answer Surface markings of the body, observed through visualization and
palpation (perception by touch)
Gross Anatomy - Answer Structures viewed without a microscope
System Anatomy - Answer Structures of specific systems
Regional Anatomy - Answer Structure of specific regions of the body
Radiographic Anatomy - Answer Body structures visualized with X-ray, CT, or MRI
Pathological Anatomy - Answer Structural changes with disease
Neurophysiology - Answer Functional properties of nerve cells
Endocrinology - Answer Hormones and how they control body functions
Cardiovascular Physiology - Answer Function of the heart and blood vessels
Immunology - Answer How the body defends against disease-causing agents and identifies
"self"
Respiratory Physiology - Answer Function of the air passageways, lungs and gas exchange
, Renal Physiology - Answer Functions of the kidney
Exercise Physiology - Answer Changes in cell and organ function as a result of muscular
activity
Pathophysiology - Answer Functional changes associated with disease and aging
Superior/Inferior - Answer Top or above/bottom or below
Cranial/Caudal - Answer Toward the head/toward the tail or buttocks
Medial/Lateral - Answer Toward the midline/away from the midline
Proximal/Distal - Answer Closer to the point of origin or attachment/further away from the
point of origin or attachment
Anterior (ventral)/Posterior (dorsal) - Answer Toward the front/toward the back
Ipsilateral/Contralateral - Answer Same side of midline/opposite side of midline
Superficial/Deep - Answer Toward the surface/toward the core
Parietal/Visceral - Answer Membrane surface closest to cavity wall/membrane surface
closest to organ inside the cavity
Sagittal/Midsagittal/Parasagittal Plane - Answer Divided right from left sides of body/divides
the body into two mirror image halves/infinite number of planes parallel to midsagittal plane
Transverse/Horizontal/Axial Plane - Answer Divides superior from inferior
Frontal/Coronal Plane - Answer Divides the body into front (anterior/ventral) and back
(posterior/dorsal)
Dorsal cavity - Answer Cranial cavity (holds brain) and vertebral cavity (spinal cord)
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Updated.
Embryology - Answer The first 8 weeks of development
Developmental Biology - Answer All stages of development
Cell Biology - Answer Cell structure and function
Histology - Answer Microscopic structure of tissues
Surface Anatomy - Answer Surface markings of the body, observed through visualization and
palpation (perception by touch)
Gross Anatomy - Answer Structures viewed without a microscope
System Anatomy - Answer Structures of specific systems
Regional Anatomy - Answer Structure of specific regions of the body
Radiographic Anatomy - Answer Body structures visualized with X-ray, CT, or MRI
Pathological Anatomy - Answer Structural changes with disease
Neurophysiology - Answer Functional properties of nerve cells
Endocrinology - Answer Hormones and how they control body functions
Cardiovascular Physiology - Answer Function of the heart and blood vessels
Immunology - Answer How the body defends against disease-causing agents and identifies
"self"
Respiratory Physiology - Answer Function of the air passageways, lungs and gas exchange
, Renal Physiology - Answer Functions of the kidney
Exercise Physiology - Answer Changes in cell and organ function as a result of muscular
activity
Pathophysiology - Answer Functional changes associated with disease and aging
Superior/Inferior - Answer Top or above/bottom or below
Cranial/Caudal - Answer Toward the head/toward the tail or buttocks
Medial/Lateral - Answer Toward the midline/away from the midline
Proximal/Distal - Answer Closer to the point of origin or attachment/further away from the
point of origin or attachment
Anterior (ventral)/Posterior (dorsal) - Answer Toward the front/toward the back
Ipsilateral/Contralateral - Answer Same side of midline/opposite side of midline
Superficial/Deep - Answer Toward the surface/toward the core
Parietal/Visceral - Answer Membrane surface closest to cavity wall/membrane surface
closest to organ inside the cavity
Sagittal/Midsagittal/Parasagittal Plane - Answer Divided right from left sides of body/divides
the body into two mirror image halves/infinite number of planes parallel to midsagittal plane
Transverse/Horizontal/Axial Plane - Answer Divides superior from inferior
Frontal/Coronal Plane - Answer Divides the body into front (anterior/ventral) and back
(posterior/dorsal)
Dorsal cavity - Answer Cranial cavity (holds brain) and vertebral cavity (spinal cord)
