2026_Page 1 of 45 UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST.pdf UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST
UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST
Delivery of O2 and removal of CO2
- Requires a pump (heart), fluid (blood), and vessels
Perfusion
inadequate flow of blood: i.e. SHOCK
Hypoperfusion
shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
- can be a result of bleeding, burns, or dehydration
Hypovolemic shock
UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST.pdf UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST
,2026_Page 2 of 45 UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST.pdf UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST
widespread vasodilation
- can be caused by SEPSIS
Distributive shock
- Severe infection that has an initial point then spreads throughout
bloodstream
- Toxins from infection destroy vessel walls, leading to capillary
permeability & reduced intravascular fluid
Sepsis
POWR: Position (supine), O2, Warmth, Rapid transport
How to treat septic shock?
UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST.pdf UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST
,2026_Page 3 of 45 UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST.pdf UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST
loss of control of muscular tone of blood vessels (due to a spinal cord injury
& damage to the nervous system)
Neurogenic shock
hypotension and bradycardia (only vagus signal bc of sympathetic damage)
- usually warm, dry skin below injury (unlike other types of shock)
Symptoms of neurogenic shock
Severe allergic reaction that leads to widespread vasodilation
Anaphylactic shock
- Increased vascular permeability
UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST.pdf UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST
, 2026_Page 4 of 45 UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST.pdf UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST
- Bronchoconstriction
- Stridor
- Hives, edema, itching
Anaphylactic shock symptoms
- linear, depressed, open, basilar
4 types of skull fractures
A simple crack in the skull
- least deadly
- most common
- usually perpendicular to suture in skull
Linear skull fracture
UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST.pdf UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST
UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST
Delivery of O2 and removal of CO2
- Requires a pump (heart), fluid (blood), and vessels
Perfusion
inadequate flow of blood: i.e. SHOCK
Hypoperfusion
shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
- can be a result of bleeding, burns, or dehydration
Hypovolemic shock
UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST.pdf UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST
,2026_Page 2 of 45 UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST.pdf UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST
widespread vasodilation
- can be caused by SEPSIS
Distributive shock
- Severe infection that has an initial point then spreads throughout
bloodstream
- Toxins from infection destroy vessel walls, leading to capillary
permeability & reduced intravascular fluid
Sepsis
POWR: Position (supine), O2, Warmth, Rapid transport
How to treat septic shock?
UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST.pdf UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST
,2026_Page 3 of 45 UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST.pdf UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST
loss of control of muscular tone of blood vessels (due to a spinal cord injury
& damage to the nervous system)
Neurogenic shock
hypotension and bradycardia (only vagus signal bc of sympathetic damage)
- usually warm, dry skin below injury (unlike other types of shock)
Symptoms of neurogenic shock
Severe allergic reaction that leads to widespread vasodilation
Anaphylactic shock
- Increased vascular permeability
UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST.pdf UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST
, 2026_Page 4 of 45 UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST.pdf UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST
- Bronchoconstriction
- Stridor
- Hives, edema, itching
Anaphylactic shock symptoms
- linear, depressed, open, basilar
4 types of skull fractures
A simple crack in the skull
- least deadly
- most common
- usually perpendicular to suture in skull
Linear skull fracture
UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST.pdf UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST
