ALS 3304 Exam 1 Questions with Verified Solutions Latest Update 2026/2027
What are the 4 parts of the Scrotum? - Answers epididymis
tunica dartos
scrotal fascia
parietal vaginal tunica
What does the epididymis act as? - Answers thermosensor - sweat glands
What are sweat glands in the epididymis innervated by? - Answers sympathetic nerves
If an animal experiences an elevated temperature, which part of the brain reacts and how? -
Answers hypothalamus - sends impulses to sweat glands --> causes animal to sweat and cools
testes
Besides the hypothalamus sending impulses to sweat glands, what other way does the
epididymis cool by? - Answers heat transfer
What is the tunica dartos a part of? - Answers scrotum
What kind of muscle is tunica dartos and what is it described as? - Answers smooth muscle
layer under skin (mesh-like)
What is the function of tunica dartos? - Answers elevate testes for a sustained time
What is constantly being adjusted in the tunica dartos muscle and what is it in response to? -
Answers contractions b/c of change in scrotal skin temperature
When the tunica dartos muscle contracts, what does it allow? - Answers body & testes to be
close
An increase in surface area in the tunica dartos muscle causes what two occurrences? -
Answers perspiration, which leads to cooling
How is the tunica dartos muscle able to contract? - Answers androgen
What is the scrotal fascia and what is it a part of? - Answers layers underneath scrotal skin;
scrotum
What is the parietal vaginal tunic a part of? - Answers scrotum
What does the spermatic cord do? - Answers suspend testes
What does the spermatic cord house? - Answers vas deferens, cremaster muscle, pampiniform
plexus
, What does the spermatic cord connect? - Answers epididymis to pelvic urethra through the vas
deferens
What does the spermatic cord provide? - Answers vascular, lymphatic, and neural connection to
body
What kind of muscle is the cremaster muscle and what does it do? - Answers striated muscle;
pulls & relax and contract & relax during sexual excitation
Which muscle helps move sperm from testes to accessory sex glands? (can't be done for very
long) - Answers cremaster muscle
What helps move blood through the spermatic cord and how? - Answers cremaster muscle w/
pumping action on pampiniform plexus = facilitates blood flow
What are the three main things the pampiniform plexus does? - Answers concurrent heat
exchanger (39C-34C)
pulse pressure eliminator
network of artery & two veins = cool testes
What is the countercurrent heat exchange? - Answers network of an artery and 2 veins = cool
blood--> testes
Do veins or arteries have cooler blood? What do the 2 veins surround in pampiniform plexus? -
Answers Veins; testicular artery
What happens as the blood in veins gets closer to abdomen? What is the range of degree
change - Answers Artery warms blood in veins; 39C-34C
What are the two layers of the testicular capsule? - Answers tunica vaginalis (visceral) & tunica
albuginea
What is the tunica vaginalis (visceral) for? - Answers invagination of abdominal peritoneum
What is the tunica albuginea made up of? What does it do? - Answers dense white connective
tissue
encloses testis proper, sends finger-like projections
Where does the tunica albuginea send projections to? - Answers parenchyma of testis; both
tubular and interstitial portions
What is the major cellular mass of testes? - Answers parenchyma
What 4 things does the tubular compartment of the parenchyma hold? - Answers seminiferous
tubules - ends join in retentions tubules
What are the 4 parts of the Scrotum? - Answers epididymis
tunica dartos
scrotal fascia
parietal vaginal tunica
What does the epididymis act as? - Answers thermosensor - sweat glands
What are sweat glands in the epididymis innervated by? - Answers sympathetic nerves
If an animal experiences an elevated temperature, which part of the brain reacts and how? -
Answers hypothalamus - sends impulses to sweat glands --> causes animal to sweat and cools
testes
Besides the hypothalamus sending impulses to sweat glands, what other way does the
epididymis cool by? - Answers heat transfer
What is the tunica dartos a part of? - Answers scrotum
What kind of muscle is tunica dartos and what is it described as? - Answers smooth muscle
layer under skin (mesh-like)
What is the function of tunica dartos? - Answers elevate testes for a sustained time
What is constantly being adjusted in the tunica dartos muscle and what is it in response to? -
Answers contractions b/c of change in scrotal skin temperature
When the tunica dartos muscle contracts, what does it allow? - Answers body & testes to be
close
An increase in surface area in the tunica dartos muscle causes what two occurrences? -
Answers perspiration, which leads to cooling
How is the tunica dartos muscle able to contract? - Answers androgen
What is the scrotal fascia and what is it a part of? - Answers layers underneath scrotal skin;
scrotum
What is the parietal vaginal tunic a part of? - Answers scrotum
What does the spermatic cord do? - Answers suspend testes
What does the spermatic cord house? - Answers vas deferens, cremaster muscle, pampiniform
plexus
, What does the spermatic cord connect? - Answers epididymis to pelvic urethra through the vas
deferens
What does the spermatic cord provide? - Answers vascular, lymphatic, and neural connection to
body
What kind of muscle is the cremaster muscle and what does it do? - Answers striated muscle;
pulls & relax and contract & relax during sexual excitation
Which muscle helps move sperm from testes to accessory sex glands? (can't be done for very
long) - Answers cremaster muscle
What helps move blood through the spermatic cord and how? - Answers cremaster muscle w/
pumping action on pampiniform plexus = facilitates blood flow
What are the three main things the pampiniform plexus does? - Answers concurrent heat
exchanger (39C-34C)
pulse pressure eliminator
network of artery & two veins = cool testes
What is the countercurrent heat exchange? - Answers network of an artery and 2 veins = cool
blood--> testes
Do veins or arteries have cooler blood? What do the 2 veins surround in pampiniform plexus? -
Answers Veins; testicular artery
What happens as the blood in veins gets closer to abdomen? What is the range of degree
change - Answers Artery warms blood in veins; 39C-34C
What are the two layers of the testicular capsule? - Answers tunica vaginalis (visceral) & tunica
albuginea
What is the tunica vaginalis (visceral) for? - Answers invagination of abdominal peritoneum
What is the tunica albuginea made up of? What does it do? - Answers dense white connective
tissue
encloses testis proper, sends finger-like projections
Where does the tunica albuginea send projections to? - Answers parenchyma of testis; both
tubular and interstitial portions
What is the major cellular mass of testes? - Answers parenchyma
What 4 things does the tubular compartment of the parenchyma hold? - Answers seminiferous
tubules - ends join in retentions tubules
