TIM COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
Acute Brain Injury - CORRECT ANSWERAn injury to the brain that is not hereditary, congenital,
degenerative, or induced by birth trauma
Traumatic Brain Injury - CORRECT ANSWERAn alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain
pathology, caused by an external force
2 Mechanisms
*trauma impact
* traumatic inertial forces
Non-traumatic brain injury - CORRECT ANSWERLack of O2, decreased nutrients to cells, exposure to
toxins, pressure from tumor or blockage or other neuro disorder
ABI Prevalence - CORRECT ANSWER2nd most prevalent disability in U. S.
* 13.5 million Americans
Children & TBI - CORRECT ANSWER* non-accidental trauma cause of 80% of deaths in children under
2yo
* 2/3 of children under 3yo that are abused have TBIs
,*falls cause 1/2 of TBI in 0-14yo
domestic violence - CORRECT ANSWER67% of women in domestic violence had TBI symptoms
Mild TBI - CORRECT ANSWER*concussion
*LOC > 30 min
*loss of memory >24hrs
*CGS 13-15
*normal CT or MRI
*any AMS at time of incident
Moderate TBI - CORRECT ANSWER*LOC up to 24hrs
*neuro signs of brain trauma
* CGS 9-12
*may have focal findings on CT
Severe TBI - CORRECT ANSWER*LOC <24hrs
*GCS 3-8
Screens for TBI - CORRECT ANSWERACE - acute concussion eval
HELPS
WARCAT - warrior administered retrospective casualty assessment tool
TBIQ - traumatic brain injury questionnaire
ImPACT
OSU TBI ID
JCAHO (Joint Commission) - CORRECT ANSWERThe non-profit organization that assists healthcare
facilities by providing accreditation
3 year award
,CARF (Rehabilitation Accreditation Commission) - CORRECT ANSWERThe Organization that oversees the
accreditation of brain injury programs
3 year award
TBI Act of 1996 - CORRECT ANSWERFederal Legislation
"To expand efforts to identify methods of preventing TBI, to expand biomedical research efforts or to
minimize the severity of dysfunction as a result of such an injury, and to improve the delivery & quality
of services through the State Demonstration projects."
HRSA - Health Resources Services Administration - CORRECT ANSWERMoney to states to improve
integration services, establish policy & procedure financial support
CDC - Center for Disease Control - CORRECT ANSWERCarries out projects to reduce incidence of TBI
Rehabilitation act of 1973 - CORRECT ANSWERSet foundation for state vocational rehab system, a
federal/state supported system of services which assists persons with disabilities who are pursuing
meaningful careers
Diffuse axonal injury - CORRECT ANSWERSevere brain injury caused by extreme shearing forces
Persistent post concussive symptoms - CORRECT ANSWERA complex disorder following a concussion,
lasting for weeks or months, consisting of symptoms such as headaches or dizziness, Nausea, post
Trumatic amnesia and GCS of 13/14
Must be diagnosed by neuropsychologist
Somatization - CORRECT ANSWERThe expression of psychological distress through physical symptoms
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy - CTE - CORRECT ANSWERRare, progressive, degenerative condition
of central nervous system that is seen and repetitive brain trauma
Dementia, memory loss, aggression, confusion, depression
, Hebbian Learning - CORRECT ANSWERNeurons that fire together, wire together
Experience independent learning - CORRECT ANSWER" use it or lose it"
Synaptogenesis - CORRECT ANSWERThe process by which neurons form new connections
Disorders of consciousness - CORRECT ANSWERComa, Vegetative State, minimally conscious state
Coma - CORRECT ANSWER* no evidence of arousal
* no response to internal or extrnal stimuli
* May have reflexive response
* resolves in 2 to 4 weeks
Vegetative state - CORRECT ANSWERTransition of severely brain damaged patients from a coma to
wakefulness without awareness
Can be months to years in this state
Minimally conscious state - CORRECT ANSWERcondition in which someone has brief periods of
purposeful actions and speech comprehension
Emergence from DOC - CORRECT ANSWERRequires at least one criteria:
* functional communication by verbal or gestural Y/N response
* functional use of 2 or more objects
Automatic dysfunction syndrome - CORRECT ANSWEREpisodes of: dystonia (abnormal muscle tone),
tachycardia, diaphoresis (sweating), hyperthermia, hypertension, tachypnea (rapid breathing)
*occurs in 15%-33% of severe TBI
Sleep Complications - CORRECT ANSWERHypogenic hallucinations - vivid dream like auditory, visual, or
tactile sensations on experiences between sleep and wake
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
Acute Brain Injury - CORRECT ANSWERAn injury to the brain that is not hereditary, congenital,
degenerative, or induced by birth trauma
Traumatic Brain Injury - CORRECT ANSWERAn alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain
pathology, caused by an external force
2 Mechanisms
*trauma impact
* traumatic inertial forces
Non-traumatic brain injury - CORRECT ANSWERLack of O2, decreased nutrients to cells, exposure to
toxins, pressure from tumor or blockage or other neuro disorder
ABI Prevalence - CORRECT ANSWER2nd most prevalent disability in U. S.
* 13.5 million Americans
Children & TBI - CORRECT ANSWER* non-accidental trauma cause of 80% of deaths in children under
2yo
* 2/3 of children under 3yo that are abused have TBIs
,*falls cause 1/2 of TBI in 0-14yo
domestic violence - CORRECT ANSWER67% of women in domestic violence had TBI symptoms
Mild TBI - CORRECT ANSWER*concussion
*LOC > 30 min
*loss of memory >24hrs
*CGS 13-15
*normal CT or MRI
*any AMS at time of incident
Moderate TBI - CORRECT ANSWER*LOC up to 24hrs
*neuro signs of brain trauma
* CGS 9-12
*may have focal findings on CT
Severe TBI - CORRECT ANSWER*LOC <24hrs
*GCS 3-8
Screens for TBI - CORRECT ANSWERACE - acute concussion eval
HELPS
WARCAT - warrior administered retrospective casualty assessment tool
TBIQ - traumatic brain injury questionnaire
ImPACT
OSU TBI ID
JCAHO (Joint Commission) - CORRECT ANSWERThe non-profit organization that assists healthcare
facilities by providing accreditation
3 year award
,CARF (Rehabilitation Accreditation Commission) - CORRECT ANSWERThe Organization that oversees the
accreditation of brain injury programs
3 year award
TBI Act of 1996 - CORRECT ANSWERFederal Legislation
"To expand efforts to identify methods of preventing TBI, to expand biomedical research efforts or to
minimize the severity of dysfunction as a result of such an injury, and to improve the delivery & quality
of services through the State Demonstration projects."
HRSA - Health Resources Services Administration - CORRECT ANSWERMoney to states to improve
integration services, establish policy & procedure financial support
CDC - Center for Disease Control - CORRECT ANSWERCarries out projects to reduce incidence of TBI
Rehabilitation act of 1973 - CORRECT ANSWERSet foundation for state vocational rehab system, a
federal/state supported system of services which assists persons with disabilities who are pursuing
meaningful careers
Diffuse axonal injury - CORRECT ANSWERSevere brain injury caused by extreme shearing forces
Persistent post concussive symptoms - CORRECT ANSWERA complex disorder following a concussion,
lasting for weeks or months, consisting of symptoms such as headaches or dizziness, Nausea, post
Trumatic amnesia and GCS of 13/14
Must be diagnosed by neuropsychologist
Somatization - CORRECT ANSWERThe expression of psychological distress through physical symptoms
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy - CTE - CORRECT ANSWERRare, progressive, degenerative condition
of central nervous system that is seen and repetitive brain trauma
Dementia, memory loss, aggression, confusion, depression
, Hebbian Learning - CORRECT ANSWERNeurons that fire together, wire together
Experience independent learning - CORRECT ANSWER" use it or lose it"
Synaptogenesis - CORRECT ANSWERThe process by which neurons form new connections
Disorders of consciousness - CORRECT ANSWERComa, Vegetative State, minimally conscious state
Coma - CORRECT ANSWER* no evidence of arousal
* no response to internal or extrnal stimuli
* May have reflexive response
* resolves in 2 to 4 weeks
Vegetative state - CORRECT ANSWERTransition of severely brain damaged patients from a coma to
wakefulness without awareness
Can be months to years in this state
Minimally conscious state - CORRECT ANSWERcondition in which someone has brief periods of
purposeful actions and speech comprehension
Emergence from DOC - CORRECT ANSWERRequires at least one criteria:
* functional communication by verbal or gestural Y/N response
* functional use of 2 or more objects
Automatic dysfunction syndrome - CORRECT ANSWEREpisodes of: dystonia (abnormal muscle tone),
tachycardia, diaphoresis (sweating), hyperthermia, hypertension, tachypnea (rapid breathing)
*occurs in 15%-33% of severe TBI
Sleep Complications - CORRECT ANSWERHypogenic hallucinations - vivid dream like auditory, visual, or
tactile sensations on experiences between sleep and wake
