NSG 252 Final Prep | 2026 Update Questions with
complete solutions.
Definition of Nursing (ANA)
Nursing protects, promotes health, prevents illness, and advocates for individuals and
communities.
Art of Nursing
Compassion, caring, patient-centered approach.
Science of Nursing
Research, evidence-based practice, clinical knowledge.
What defines a profession
Prolonged education, specialized knowledge, autonomy, licensure, ethical code.
Process approach to profession
Profession develops continuously over time.
Power approach to profession
Level of influence and independence.
Trait approach to profession
Specialized knowledge, licensure, ethics, commitment to service.
Sources of power in nursing
Expert, referent, legitimate, reward, coercive, collective.
,How nurses gain power
Education, experience, unity, political action, professional organizations.
Florence Nightingale
Founder of modern nursing, improved sanitation and hospital conditions.
Clara Barton
Founder of the American Red Cross.
Mary Mahoney
First African American professional nurse.
Lillian Wald
Founder of public health nursing.
Isabel Hampton Robb
Nursing education standards and licensing advocacy.
Annie Goodrich
University-level nursing education.
Loretta Ford
Co-founder of the Nurse Practitioner role.
Patricia Benner
Developed the Novice to Expert theory.
, Affordable Care Act (ACA) 2010
Expanded access to health insurance and improved quality of care.
Value-Based Purchasing
Hospital payment based on patient outcomes and satisfaction.
Hospital Acquired Conditions (HACs)
Preventable hospital complications not reimbursed by Medicare.
Preventative Care
Disease prevention and health promotion.
Primary Care
Basic or general health services.
Secondary Care
Specialized care by referral.
Tertiary Care
Highly specialized hospital care.
Restorative Care
Rehabilitation and recovery services.
Continuing Care
Long-term and hospice care.
complete solutions.
Definition of Nursing (ANA)
Nursing protects, promotes health, prevents illness, and advocates for individuals and
communities.
Art of Nursing
Compassion, caring, patient-centered approach.
Science of Nursing
Research, evidence-based practice, clinical knowledge.
What defines a profession
Prolonged education, specialized knowledge, autonomy, licensure, ethical code.
Process approach to profession
Profession develops continuously over time.
Power approach to profession
Level of influence and independence.
Trait approach to profession
Specialized knowledge, licensure, ethics, commitment to service.
Sources of power in nursing
Expert, referent, legitimate, reward, coercive, collective.
,How nurses gain power
Education, experience, unity, political action, professional organizations.
Florence Nightingale
Founder of modern nursing, improved sanitation and hospital conditions.
Clara Barton
Founder of the American Red Cross.
Mary Mahoney
First African American professional nurse.
Lillian Wald
Founder of public health nursing.
Isabel Hampton Robb
Nursing education standards and licensing advocacy.
Annie Goodrich
University-level nursing education.
Loretta Ford
Co-founder of the Nurse Practitioner role.
Patricia Benner
Developed the Novice to Expert theory.
, Affordable Care Act (ACA) 2010
Expanded access to health insurance and improved quality of care.
Value-Based Purchasing
Hospital payment based on patient outcomes and satisfaction.
Hospital Acquired Conditions (HACs)
Preventable hospital complications not reimbursed by Medicare.
Preventative Care
Disease prevention and health promotion.
Primary Care
Basic or general health services.
Secondary Care
Specialized care by referral.
Tertiary Care
Highly specialized hospital care.
Restorative Care
Rehabilitation and recovery services.
Continuing Care
Long-term and hospice care.
