BHS 329 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Pathogenicity - ANS qualities that promote the production of disease
Virulence - ANS potency of the pathogen indicated by the ratio of the number of cases
compared to number of exposures
Infectivity - ANS proportion of exposures needed to cause infection in an individual
Toxigenicity - ANS ability of the pathogen to produce harmful toxins that increase host cell
and tissue damage
Antigenicity - ANS level to which a pathogen is viewed by the host immune system as foreign
Antigenic variability - ANS process of eluding the human host defenses, often consists of
altering antigen presentation
Pathogenic defense mechanisms - ANS ways in which a pathogen has developed to avoid
destruction by host
Coinfection - ANS hosting two or more pathogens simultaneously
Superinfection - ANS when an infection arises in addition to one that is already present
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Endotoxin - ANS complex of phospholipid-polysaccharide molecules that form the structural
component of the gram-negative cell wall, causes inflammatory response when bacterium is
lysed
Exotoxins - ANS potent substances that result in host cell dysfunction or lysis
Neisseria meningitidis - ANS meningitis
Streptococcus pyogenes - ANS - septicemia
- myositis
- necrotizing fascitis
Streptococcus pneumoniae - ANS - pneumonia
- meningitis
- otitis media
Staphylococcus aureus - ANS - endocarditis
- cellulitis
- pneumonia
- osteomyelitis
- septicemia
Escherichia coli - ANS - urogenital tract infection
- diarrhea
Salmonella typhi - ANS - enterocolitis
- bacteremia
- typhoid
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Pathogenicity - ANS qualities that promote the production of disease
Virulence - ANS potency of the pathogen indicated by the ratio of the number of cases
compared to number of exposures
Infectivity - ANS proportion of exposures needed to cause infection in an individual
Toxigenicity - ANS ability of the pathogen to produce harmful toxins that increase host cell
and tissue damage
Antigenicity - ANS level to which a pathogen is viewed by the host immune system as foreign
Antigenic variability - ANS process of eluding the human host defenses, often consists of
altering antigen presentation
Pathogenic defense mechanisms - ANS ways in which a pathogen has developed to avoid
destruction by host
Coinfection - ANS hosting two or more pathogens simultaneously
Superinfection - ANS when an infection arises in addition to one that is already present
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Endotoxin - ANS complex of phospholipid-polysaccharide molecules that form the structural
component of the gram-negative cell wall, causes inflammatory response when bacterium is
lysed
Exotoxins - ANS potent substances that result in host cell dysfunction or lysis
Neisseria meningitidis - ANS meningitis
Streptococcus pyogenes - ANS - septicemia
- myositis
- necrotizing fascitis
Streptococcus pneumoniae - ANS - pneumonia
- meningitis
- otitis media
Staphylococcus aureus - ANS - endocarditis
- cellulitis
- pneumonia
- osteomyelitis
- septicemia
Escherichia coli - ANS - urogenital tract infection
- diarrhea
Salmonella typhi - ANS - enterocolitis
- bacteremia
- typhoid
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
