AAMC MCAT 2026 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔If a compound A is 60% and compound B is 40% which is more stable? -
✔✔compound A has more thermodynamic control and is more stable than compound B
✔✔Charge symbol and equation - ✔✔Q=C*V
charge= capacitance * voltage
✔✔Energy symbol and equation - ✔✔E=Q*V
energy=charge * voltage
✔✔Describe the doppler effect: - ✔✔observer moving toward=higher frequency=higher
pitch
observer moving away=lower frequency=lower pitch
✔✔Power equation - ✔✔P=Work/time
P=F*d/time
✔✔Work equation - ✔✔W=F x d (force x distance)
✔✔velocity equation - ✔✔v=distance/time
✔✔What does the heat of combustion measure? - ✔✔the energy released
✔✔Equation to determine the total number of gas particles: - ✔✔PV=nRT then
n=PV(Na)/RT
✔✔How do you find the limiting reagent? - ✔✔1) BALANCE EQUATION
2) Convert everything to moles
3) Divide by coefficients
3) Smallest=LR
✔✔If you start with 5.4 Al and 10.6 Cl2 what is the limiting reagent and how many
grams of AlCl3 are produced? - ✔✔1. 2Al+ 3Cl2---------------> 2AlCl3 (balance)
2. moles of Al= (5.4g/28.96g/mol)=0.20mol
2. moles of Cl2= (10.6g/70.90g/mol)=0.15mol
3. 0.20mol of Al from (1) = 0.10
3. 0.15mol of Cl2 from (1)= 0.05
4. 0.05 is smaller so limiting reagent is Cl2
✔✔Formulas for activation energy: - ✔✔Ea forward= E(activated complex)-E(reactants)
Ea backward= E(activated complex)-E(products)
, Delta H/Delta G=E(products)-E(reactants)
✔✔Energy Equation and what is it for? - ✔✔Used for photon energy
E=hc/wavelength or E=hv
✔✔What is the spacing of electric field lines? - ✔✔all equally spaced
✔✔If the text says each molecules of Br loses 2 electrons or gains 2 electrons what
must you do? - ✔✔multiply or divide the initial amount
✔✔If a molecule loses H or gains O what does it need? - ✔✔Oxidizing Reagent
✔✔If a molecule loses O or gains H what does it need? - ✔✔Reducing Reagent
✔✔Oxidizing vs Reducing Reagents - ✔✔Oxidizing=NAD+, NADP+, FAD, O2
Reducing= NADH, NADPH, FADH2, metals, H2
✔✔Henderson-Hasselbatch Decision Tree
a. If pH > desired amount
b. If pH < desired amount
c. If diluted to water - ✔✔a. too basic> add more weak acid (NaH2PO3)
b. too acidic > add more conjugate base ( Na2HPO3)
c. no effect on pH
✔✔What is the byproduct of a peptide bond? - ✔✔H20=18amu
✔✔If it asks you for a balanced equation: the passage will give you the steps in words
and what do you do? - ✔✔cancel out like values
1. NADPH + FAD > NADP + FADH-
2. FADH- - O2+H+ > FADH-OOH
3. FADH-OOH> H2O2 + FAD
Equation: NADPH + O2 + H+ > NADP+ + H2O2
✔✔What is the structure of an amide? - ✔✔R-C=O-NH2
✔✔pH Equations - ✔✔log [H3O+] = -pH
[H3O+] = antilog (-pH)
[H3O+] = 10^-pH
✔✔if pH=10 what is {OH-}=? - ✔✔1. pH=10 so {H3O+}=(10^-10)
2. {H3O+}*{OH-}=(10^-14) and pOH=-log{OH-}
3. (10^-14)-(10^-10)=(10^-4)={OH-}
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔If a compound A is 60% and compound B is 40% which is more stable? -
✔✔compound A has more thermodynamic control and is more stable than compound B
✔✔Charge symbol and equation - ✔✔Q=C*V
charge= capacitance * voltage
✔✔Energy symbol and equation - ✔✔E=Q*V
energy=charge * voltage
✔✔Describe the doppler effect: - ✔✔observer moving toward=higher frequency=higher
pitch
observer moving away=lower frequency=lower pitch
✔✔Power equation - ✔✔P=Work/time
P=F*d/time
✔✔Work equation - ✔✔W=F x d (force x distance)
✔✔velocity equation - ✔✔v=distance/time
✔✔What does the heat of combustion measure? - ✔✔the energy released
✔✔Equation to determine the total number of gas particles: - ✔✔PV=nRT then
n=PV(Na)/RT
✔✔How do you find the limiting reagent? - ✔✔1) BALANCE EQUATION
2) Convert everything to moles
3) Divide by coefficients
3) Smallest=LR
✔✔If you start with 5.4 Al and 10.6 Cl2 what is the limiting reagent and how many
grams of AlCl3 are produced? - ✔✔1. 2Al+ 3Cl2---------------> 2AlCl3 (balance)
2. moles of Al= (5.4g/28.96g/mol)=0.20mol
2. moles of Cl2= (10.6g/70.90g/mol)=0.15mol
3. 0.20mol of Al from (1) = 0.10
3. 0.15mol of Cl2 from (1)= 0.05
4. 0.05 is smaller so limiting reagent is Cl2
✔✔Formulas for activation energy: - ✔✔Ea forward= E(activated complex)-E(reactants)
Ea backward= E(activated complex)-E(products)
, Delta H/Delta G=E(products)-E(reactants)
✔✔Energy Equation and what is it for? - ✔✔Used for photon energy
E=hc/wavelength or E=hv
✔✔What is the spacing of electric field lines? - ✔✔all equally spaced
✔✔If the text says each molecules of Br loses 2 electrons or gains 2 electrons what
must you do? - ✔✔multiply or divide the initial amount
✔✔If a molecule loses H or gains O what does it need? - ✔✔Oxidizing Reagent
✔✔If a molecule loses O or gains H what does it need? - ✔✔Reducing Reagent
✔✔Oxidizing vs Reducing Reagents - ✔✔Oxidizing=NAD+, NADP+, FAD, O2
Reducing= NADH, NADPH, FADH2, metals, H2
✔✔Henderson-Hasselbatch Decision Tree
a. If pH > desired amount
b. If pH < desired amount
c. If diluted to water - ✔✔a. too basic> add more weak acid (NaH2PO3)
b. too acidic > add more conjugate base ( Na2HPO3)
c. no effect on pH
✔✔What is the byproduct of a peptide bond? - ✔✔H20=18amu
✔✔If it asks you for a balanced equation: the passage will give you the steps in words
and what do you do? - ✔✔cancel out like values
1. NADPH + FAD > NADP + FADH-
2. FADH- - O2+H+ > FADH-OOH
3. FADH-OOH> H2O2 + FAD
Equation: NADPH + O2 + H+ > NADP+ + H2O2
✔✔What is the structure of an amide? - ✔✔R-C=O-NH2
✔✔pH Equations - ✔✔log [H3O+] = -pH
[H3O+] = antilog (-pH)
[H3O+] = 10^-pH
✔✔if pH=10 what is {OH-}=? - ✔✔1. pH=10 so {H3O+}=(10^-10)
2. {H3O+}*{OH-}=(10^-14) and pOH=-log{OH-}
3. (10^-14)-(10^-10)=(10^-4)={OH-}
