Immunology - HMX
1. Which statement best describes the genes en-
coding receptors that recognize microbial mol-
ecules on innate and adaptive immune cells?
2. Which of the statements below correctly de-
scribes innate immune cells?
3. Some of the steps of an acute inflammatory
response are listed below. Which of these steps
would occur first in a given episode of inflam-
mation?
4. Which of these factors does NOT contribute to
antibody diversity?
5. Which of the statements below best describes
the differences in antigen recognition by B
cells and T cells?
6. What is the source of peptides presented on
MHC class I molecules and MHC class II mole-
cules?
7. Which of the mechanisms listed below does
NOT prevent T cells from reacting against self
antigens?
8. Antibodies activate multiple different immune
functions, some of which require other com-
ponents of the immune system. Which of the
following antibody-associated functions works
with antibodies alone?
, Immunology - HMX
9. Which of the following immune mechanisms
are utilized by almost all cells in the body and
not primarily by cells of the blood lineages?
(select two answers)
10. Which of the following immune cells are tis-
sue-resident sentinel cells? (select two an-
swers)
11. Consider the adaptive immune response to
three different classes of pathogens - parasitic
worms, fungi in mucosal areas, and intracellu-
lar bacteria. Which helper T cell subset is most
associated with the immune response to each
of these classes of pathogens?
12. Which statement best describes some of the
differences between naive T cells and effector
T cells?
13. Which statement best describes the effector
functions of cytotoxic T lymphocytes?
14. Allergy and autoimmunity are both diseases
caused by an inappropriate immune response.
What is the main distinction between allergy
and autoimmunity?
15. Individuals with certain inherited genetic dis-
eases lack a thymus. These individuals have
reduced immune function and are most likely
to be deficient in numbers or function of which
of the following cell types? (select two answers)
, Immunology - HMX
16. A new type of immune therapy, called check-
point blockade, is being used to treat certain
types of cancer. By blocking cell surface mol-
ecules expressed on lymphocytes or their tar-
get cells, this therapy activates an anti-tumor
immune response. Which of the molecules be-
low are targets of these checkpoint blockade
therapies? (select two answers)
17. Immune cells differentiate from progenitor Bone marrow and thymus
cells in the primary lymphoid organs. What are
the two primary lymphoid organs?
18. Most types of mature immune cells can cir- circulating leukocytes
culate through blood vessels, where they are
known as __________________ ________________.
19. Within ______________, particularly epithelial tissues
barriers, tissue-resident sentinel cells function
to sense microbes and respond to infections.
20. Immune cells called ___________________ are par- lymphocytes
ticularly abundant in the lymphatic system.
21. Lymph is a clear fluid that drains from tis- lymphatic vessels
sues to the heart through __________________
______________.
22. Crucially, lymphocytes and other immune cells lymph nodes
concentrate in the secondary lymphoid organs
(notably _____________ ________), which are con-
nected to the lymphatic system.
, Immunology - HMX
23. __________________ (primary or secondary) lym- secondary
phoid organs play a critical role in generating
a robust pathogen-specific immune response.
24. What consists of mechanisms that exist prior innate immunity
to infection and are capable of rapid responses
to microbes? These mechanisms react in es-
sentially the same way to each repeat infec-
tion. (2 words)
25. Part of the innate immune response is inflammation
________________, and it is essential for survival
and is a common, symptom-producing feature
of many infections.
26. What is a more complex defense system adaptive immunity
against infection that requires some time to
develop after initial exposure to the microbe?
(2 words)
27. The defining characteristics of adaptive im- specificity, specialization, memory
mune responses are exquisite ______________
for millions of different distinct molecules,
_________________ of the immune response to dif-
ferent types of microbes, and the ability to "re-
member" and respond more vigorously to re-
peated exposures to the same microbe, called
____________.
28. Adaptive immunity is mediated by lymphocytes with highly diverse anti-
________________ _____ ___________ _________ gen receptors
_________ __________________.
1. Which statement best describes the genes en-
coding receptors that recognize microbial mol-
ecules on innate and adaptive immune cells?
2. Which of the statements below correctly de-
scribes innate immune cells?
3. Some of the steps of an acute inflammatory
response are listed below. Which of these steps
would occur first in a given episode of inflam-
mation?
4. Which of these factors does NOT contribute to
antibody diversity?
5. Which of the statements below best describes
the differences in antigen recognition by B
cells and T cells?
6. What is the source of peptides presented on
MHC class I molecules and MHC class II mole-
cules?
7. Which of the mechanisms listed below does
NOT prevent T cells from reacting against self
antigens?
8. Antibodies activate multiple different immune
functions, some of which require other com-
ponents of the immune system. Which of the
following antibody-associated functions works
with antibodies alone?
, Immunology - HMX
9. Which of the following immune mechanisms
are utilized by almost all cells in the body and
not primarily by cells of the blood lineages?
(select two answers)
10. Which of the following immune cells are tis-
sue-resident sentinel cells? (select two an-
swers)
11. Consider the adaptive immune response to
three different classes of pathogens - parasitic
worms, fungi in mucosal areas, and intracellu-
lar bacteria. Which helper T cell subset is most
associated with the immune response to each
of these classes of pathogens?
12. Which statement best describes some of the
differences between naive T cells and effector
T cells?
13. Which statement best describes the effector
functions of cytotoxic T lymphocytes?
14. Allergy and autoimmunity are both diseases
caused by an inappropriate immune response.
What is the main distinction between allergy
and autoimmunity?
15. Individuals with certain inherited genetic dis-
eases lack a thymus. These individuals have
reduced immune function and are most likely
to be deficient in numbers or function of which
of the following cell types? (select two answers)
, Immunology - HMX
16. A new type of immune therapy, called check-
point blockade, is being used to treat certain
types of cancer. By blocking cell surface mol-
ecules expressed on lymphocytes or their tar-
get cells, this therapy activates an anti-tumor
immune response. Which of the molecules be-
low are targets of these checkpoint blockade
therapies? (select two answers)
17. Immune cells differentiate from progenitor Bone marrow and thymus
cells in the primary lymphoid organs. What are
the two primary lymphoid organs?
18. Most types of mature immune cells can cir- circulating leukocytes
culate through blood vessels, where they are
known as __________________ ________________.
19. Within ______________, particularly epithelial tissues
barriers, tissue-resident sentinel cells function
to sense microbes and respond to infections.
20. Immune cells called ___________________ are par- lymphocytes
ticularly abundant in the lymphatic system.
21. Lymph is a clear fluid that drains from tis- lymphatic vessels
sues to the heart through __________________
______________.
22. Crucially, lymphocytes and other immune cells lymph nodes
concentrate in the secondary lymphoid organs
(notably _____________ ________), which are con-
nected to the lymphatic system.
, Immunology - HMX
23. __________________ (primary or secondary) lym- secondary
phoid organs play a critical role in generating
a robust pathogen-specific immune response.
24. What consists of mechanisms that exist prior innate immunity
to infection and are capable of rapid responses
to microbes? These mechanisms react in es-
sentially the same way to each repeat infec-
tion. (2 words)
25. Part of the innate immune response is inflammation
________________, and it is essential for survival
and is a common, symptom-producing feature
of many infections.
26. What is a more complex defense system adaptive immunity
against infection that requires some time to
develop after initial exposure to the microbe?
(2 words)
27. The defining characteristics of adaptive im- specificity, specialization, memory
mune responses are exquisite ______________
for millions of different distinct molecules,
_________________ of the immune response to dif-
ferent types of microbes, and the ability to "re-
member" and respond more vigorously to re-
peated exposures to the same microbe, called
____________.
28. Adaptive immunity is mediated by lymphocytes with highly diverse anti-
________________ _____ ___________ _________ gen receptors
_________ __________________.
