NUR 3125 UCF Exam 1 Study Guide
Questions with Actual Answers 2026
Updated.
Osmosis - Answer movement of water "down" a concentration gradient; water moves across
a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher WATER concentration to an area of lower
WATER concentration. (Passive movement) or you can say water moves from an area of lesser
SOLUTE concentration to an area of higher SOLUTE concentration. EX: hypotonic solution would
be given a dehydrated patient. (PASSIVE)
Blood serum is located - Answer ECF (outside the cell)
hydrostatic pressure - Answer mechanical force of water pushing against cellular membranes
(PASSIVE)
diffusion - Answer movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower
concentration to equalize concentration (PASSIVE)
Active Transport - Answer Movement of solute AGAINST its concentration gradient. Solutes
are actively pumped across semi permeable membranes from an area of LOWER concentration
to an area of HIGHER concentration. Requires energy from ATP.
Cell junction - Answer structure that connects a cell to another cell or to extracellular matrix
(3 types include tight junction, desmosomes, and gap junctions
tight junction - Answer provides a complete fluid barrier that directly connects one cell to
another, forming a watertight seal. EX: bladder, intestines, kidneys
Desmosomes - Answer Anchoring junctions (bands or belts) that prevent cells from being
pulled apart when under stress. Perfect for the skin and intestines
Gap junctions - Answer Tunnel between two cells; allows small ions and molecules to pass
directly from the inside of one cell to the inside of another cell. EX: cardiac muscle and neurons
Ischemia - Answer an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the
, -Subsequent inflammation
(When restoration of oxygen and blood return to the cell (tissue)
Down's syndrome - Answer Extra copy of chromosome 21. Flattened face, slanted eyes,
tongue protrusion, small ears, short neck, low muscle tone, small hands, short, single line across
palm.
cognitive defects, early onset dementia, seizures, cardiac defects, psych problems
Cystic fibrosis - Answer Mutated CFTR gene - recurrent wheezing/pneumonia, atypical
asthma, low weight, salty skin, persistent cough.
H/A, poss seizure r/t meds/electrolyte imbalances.
COPIUS AMOUNTS OF DEHYDRATED MUCUS
autosomal recessive disorder
Klinefelter syndrome - Answer BOYS with extra X chromosome. Tall, enlarged breasts, small
testes, wide hips, low muscle tone, sparse body/facial hair, absent, delayed, incomplete puberty,
uncoordinated
-dyslexia, ataxia, mentally deficient, essential tremor
hypotonic fluid alterations - Answer imbalances occur when the osmolality of the ECF is less
than normal (less than 280)
conditions: hyponatremia, hypochloremia, water excess
CM: h/a, lethargy, decreased LOC, seizures, cerebral edema, increased ICP, excess water results
in increases in both the ICF and ECF fluid volume
TX: Hypertonic solution 3% NS, etc.
hypertonic fluid alterations - Answer When the osmolality of the ECF is elevated (> 294); it
attracts water from ICF causing ICF dehydration.
Neurologic excitation, dry mucous membranes, thirst, weakness, lethargy, increased BP,
pulmonary edema, peripheral edema, postural hypotension, agitation
TX: Fluid replacement orally and IV hypotonic solution
isotonic fluid alterations - Answer Fluid loss=hypovolemia
Fluid excess=hypervolemia
Questions with Actual Answers 2026
Updated.
Osmosis - Answer movement of water "down" a concentration gradient; water moves across
a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher WATER concentration to an area of lower
WATER concentration. (Passive movement) or you can say water moves from an area of lesser
SOLUTE concentration to an area of higher SOLUTE concentration. EX: hypotonic solution would
be given a dehydrated patient. (PASSIVE)
Blood serum is located - Answer ECF (outside the cell)
hydrostatic pressure - Answer mechanical force of water pushing against cellular membranes
(PASSIVE)
diffusion - Answer movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower
concentration to equalize concentration (PASSIVE)
Active Transport - Answer Movement of solute AGAINST its concentration gradient. Solutes
are actively pumped across semi permeable membranes from an area of LOWER concentration
to an area of HIGHER concentration. Requires energy from ATP.
Cell junction - Answer structure that connects a cell to another cell or to extracellular matrix
(3 types include tight junction, desmosomes, and gap junctions
tight junction - Answer provides a complete fluid barrier that directly connects one cell to
another, forming a watertight seal. EX: bladder, intestines, kidneys
Desmosomes - Answer Anchoring junctions (bands or belts) that prevent cells from being
pulled apart when under stress. Perfect for the skin and intestines
Gap junctions - Answer Tunnel between two cells; allows small ions and molecules to pass
directly from the inside of one cell to the inside of another cell. EX: cardiac muscle and neurons
Ischemia - Answer an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the
, -Subsequent inflammation
(When restoration of oxygen and blood return to the cell (tissue)
Down's syndrome - Answer Extra copy of chromosome 21. Flattened face, slanted eyes,
tongue protrusion, small ears, short neck, low muscle tone, small hands, short, single line across
palm.
cognitive defects, early onset dementia, seizures, cardiac defects, psych problems
Cystic fibrosis - Answer Mutated CFTR gene - recurrent wheezing/pneumonia, atypical
asthma, low weight, salty skin, persistent cough.
H/A, poss seizure r/t meds/electrolyte imbalances.
COPIUS AMOUNTS OF DEHYDRATED MUCUS
autosomal recessive disorder
Klinefelter syndrome - Answer BOYS with extra X chromosome. Tall, enlarged breasts, small
testes, wide hips, low muscle tone, sparse body/facial hair, absent, delayed, incomplete puberty,
uncoordinated
-dyslexia, ataxia, mentally deficient, essential tremor
hypotonic fluid alterations - Answer imbalances occur when the osmolality of the ECF is less
than normal (less than 280)
conditions: hyponatremia, hypochloremia, water excess
CM: h/a, lethargy, decreased LOC, seizures, cerebral edema, increased ICP, excess water results
in increases in both the ICF and ECF fluid volume
TX: Hypertonic solution 3% NS, etc.
hypertonic fluid alterations - Answer When the osmolality of the ECF is elevated (> 294); it
attracts water from ICF causing ICF dehydration.
Neurologic excitation, dry mucous membranes, thirst, weakness, lethargy, increased BP,
pulmonary edema, peripheral edema, postural hypotension, agitation
TX: Fluid replacement orally and IV hypotonic solution
isotonic fluid alterations - Answer Fluid loss=hypovolemia
Fluid excess=hypervolemia
