Human Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam 2026 – Verified Questions & Detailed Answers

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BIOL251 (NEW UPDATED VERSION) LATEST ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS) |
GUARANTEED PASS A+ UPDATED 2026
BIOL251 – 300 Questions & Answers
1. Q: What is anatomy?
A: The study of body structure.
2. Q: What is physiology?
A: The study of body function.
3. Q: What does homeostasis mean?
A: Maintenance of a stable internal environment.
4. Q: What is the anatomical position?
A: Standing upright, palms forward, feet forward.
5. Q: Define superior.
A: Toward the head.
6. Q: Define inferior.
A: Toward the feet.
7. Q: Define anterior.
A: Toward the front.
8. Q: Define posterior.
A: Toward the back.
9. Q: Define medial.
A: Toward the midline.
10. Q: Define lateral.
A: Away from the midline.
11. Q: What is proximal?
A: Closer to the point of attachment.
12. Q: What is distal?
A: Farther from the point of attachment.
13. Q: What is a sagittal plane?
A: Divides body into left and right.
14. Q: What is a frontal plane?
A: Divides body into anterior and posterior.
15. Q: What is a transverse plane?
A: Divides body into superior and inferior.
16. Q: What is the dorsal cavity?
A: Cranial and vertebral cavities.
17. Q: What is the ventral cavity?
A: Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
18. Q: What are serous membranes?
A: Membranes lining body cavities.



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19. Q: What is the abdominopelvic cavity?
A: Contains digestive and reproductive organs.
20. Q: What is the thoracic cavity?
A: Contains heart and lungs.



Cells & Cellular Physiology (21–50)

21. Q: What is the plasma membrane made of?
A: Phospholipid bilayer with proteins.
22. Q: What is diffusion?
A: Movement from high to low concentration.
23. Q: What is facilitated diffusion?
A: Diffusion using carrier proteins.
24. Q: What is osmosis?
A: Diffusion of water.
25. Q: What is active transport?
A: Movement against a gradient using ATP.
26. Q: What is the nucleus?
A: Control center containing DNA.
27. Q: What is mitochondria’s function?
A: ATP production.
28. Q: What is ribosome function?
A: Protein synthesis.
29. Q: What is rough ER?
A: Protein modification and transport.
30. Q: What is smooth ER?
A: Lipid synthesis and detoxification.
31. Q: What is the Golgi apparatus?
A: Protein packaging and secretion.
32. Q: What are lysosomes?
A: Digestive organelles.
33. Q: What is mitosis?
A: Cell division for growth.
34. Q: What is cytokinesis?
A: Division of cytoplasm.
35. Q: What is apoptosis?
A: Programmed cell death.
36. Q: What is ATP?
A: Cellular energy molecule.
37. Q: What is a hypertonic solution?
A: Higher solute concentration.
38. Q: What is a hypotonic solution?
A: Lower solute concentration.
39. Q: What is isotonic?
A: Equal solute concentration.


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40. Q: What is endocytosis?
A: Transport into cell via vesicles.
41. Q: What is exocytosis?
A: Transport out of cell.
42. Q: What is DNA?
A: Genetic material.
43. Q: What is RNA?
A: Protein synthesis messenger.
44. Q: What is transcription?
A: DNA to RNA.
45. Q: What is translation?
A: RNA to protein.
46. Q: What is the cytoskeleton?
A: Structural support network.
47. Q: What are cilia?
A: Hairlike projections for movement.
48. Q: What are microvilli?
A: Increase surface area.
49. Q: What is a stem cell?
A: Undifferentiated cell.
50. Q: What is cell differentiation?
A: Specialization of cells.



Tissues (51–80)

51. Q: What are the four tissue types?
A: Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous.
52. Q: What is epithelial tissue function?
A: Protection, absorption, secretion.
53. Q: What is connective tissue function?
A: Support and binding.
54. Q: What is muscle tissue function?
A: Movement.
55. Q: What is nervous tissue function?
A: Communication.
56. Q: What is simple squamous epithelium?
A: Thin, flat cells.
57. Q: Where is stratified squamous found?
A: Epidermis.
58. Q: What is cuboidal epithelium?
A: Cube-shaped cells.
59. Q: What is columnar epithelium?
A: Tall cells for absorption.
60. Q: What is pseudostratified epithelium?
A: Appears layered.


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61. Q: What is areolar tissue?
A: Loose connective tissue.
62. Q: What is adipose tissue?
A: Fat storage.
63. Q: What is dense connective tissue?
A: Strong fiber-rich tissue.
64. Q: What is cartilage?
A: Flexible connective tissue.
65. Q: What is bone tissue?
A: Rigid support tissue.
66. Q: What is blood tissue?
A: Transport tissue.
67. Q: What are fibroblasts?
A: Connective tissue cells.
68. Q: What are chondrocytes?
A: Cartilage cells.
69. Q: What are osteocytes?
A: Bone cells.
70. Q: What are erythrocytes?
A: Red blood cells.
71. Q: What are leukocytes?
A: White blood cells.
72. Q: What is skeletal muscle?
A: Voluntary muscle.
73. Q: What is cardiac muscle?
A: Heart muscle.
74. Q: What is smooth muscle?
A: Involuntary muscle.
75. Q: What is nervous tissue made of?
A: Neurons and neuroglia.
76. Q: What is a neuron?
A: Nerve cell.
77. Q: What is a dendrite?
A: Receives signals.
78. Q: What is an axon?
A: Sends signals.
79. Q: What is myelin?
A: Insulating sheath.
80. Q: What is a synapse?
A: Gap between neurons.



Integumentary System (81–100)

81. Q: What is the integumentary system?
A: Skin, hair, nails, glands.


2026 2027 GRADED A+