NURS 4331 ACTUAL FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔fencing reflex - ✔✔turning an infant's head to one side quickly causes the baby to
extend the arm and leg on that side and flex the other side.
✔✔Moro reflex - ✔✔Infant reflex where a baby will startle in response to a loud sound or
sudden movement and arms form a C shape
✔✔protective/postural reflexes - ✔✔neck righting/correcting, parachute: sideways,
forward, backwards
✔✔Neck righting reflex - ✔✔neck keeps head in upright position when body is tilted
✔✔Parachute (sideways) - ✔✔arm extension when tilted to side in supported sitting
position
✔✔forward parachute reflex - ✔✔extension of arms when held in
✔✔backward parachute reflex - ✔✔try to catch self when tilted backwards
✔✔ask pt if there is anything special you need to know about them to take care of them
- ✔✔be respectful and non judgmental in ALL situations
✔✔cultural - ✔✔ask about their culture and respect their beliefs
do NOT ASSUME
find out if an interpreter is needed
✔✔Piaget: Sensorimotor Stage - ✔✔(Birth to 2 years)
infants progress from reflexive to simple repetitive to imitative activities
separation, object permanence, mental representation = accomplished
✔✔seperation - ✔✔infants learn to separate themselves from other objects in the
environment
piaget sensimotor stage
✔✔object permanence - ✔✔process by which infants learn that an object still exists
when it is out of view (9-10 months)
piaget sensorimotor stage
✔✔mental representation - ✔✔ability to recognize and use symbols
,piaget sensorimotor stage
✔✔Erikson: Trust vs. Mistrust - ✔✔birth to 1 year
infant begins to learn delayed gratification - failure leads to mistrust = mistrust develops
if needs are inadequately or inconsistently met or if needs are continuously met before
being vocalized by the infant
achieving this is based on the quality of the caregiver/infant relationship
trust is developed by meeting comfort.feeding.stimulation and caring needs
✔✔crying - ✔✔first verbal communication
✔✔crying decreases - ✔✔by 12 weeks of age
✔✔DTaP - ✔✔Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis
given at 2, 4, and 6 months
✔✔naturally acquired active immunity - ✔✔occurs when the person is exposed to a live
pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of the primary
immune response
✔✔artificially acquired active immunity - ✔✔can be induced by a vaccine, a substance
that contains the antigen
✔✔passive immunity - ✔✔the short-term immunity which results from the introduction of
antibodies from another person(mother) or animal.
✔✔Live attenuated vaccines - ✔✔measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
varicella zoster
rotavirus
influenza (intraNASAL)
✔✔Protective/postural reflexes are developed - ✔✔later in life
✔✔nesting toys - ✔✔toys that fit together ... make sure age appropriate
✔✔why is it important to know LIVE vaccines - ✔✔if the pt or family member is
immunocompromised = can get sick
✔✔when a baby is born it makes Hgb F - ✔✔and is gradually replaced with Hgb A
, ✔✔at 4-6 months - ✔✔iron runs out= irons supplementation is necessary to prevent
anemia
✔✔premature babies need - ✔✔extra iron (did not get iron transferred from mom -
which is normally done during the last trimester)
✔✔health promotion ex - ✔✔VACCINATIONS
✔✔BACK TO SLEEP PREVENTS - ✔✔SIDS - SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME
Babies should never sleep on their sides or face down
✔✔exposure to lead paint - ✔✔should be avoided
✔✔the safest are for infants and children is - ✔✔in the back seat of the car
✔✔colic - ✔✔excessive crying in an infant
causes extreme parent frustration
make sure infants needs are met -> place infant in crib and walk away -> advise parents
to seek help as needed
✔✔babies HR and RR - ✔✔are higher than adults.... and their BP is lower
✔✔preoperational stage piaget - ✔✔19 to 24 months
concept of object permanence becomes fully developed
domestic mimicry is evident (playing house)
DOES NOT ALLOW toddlers to understand other viewpoint BUT it does allow them to
symbolize objects and people to imitate previously seen activities
✔✔Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Erikson) - ✔✔independence is super important for
toddlers - they attempt to do everything themselves
use negativism = negative responses = as they begin to express their independence
ritualism= maintaining routines and reliability provides a sense of comfort for toddlers
✔✔1 year olds use - ✔✔one word sentences
✔✔Echolalia - ✔✔toddlers will repeat words they hear without knowing the meaning
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔fencing reflex - ✔✔turning an infant's head to one side quickly causes the baby to
extend the arm and leg on that side and flex the other side.
✔✔Moro reflex - ✔✔Infant reflex where a baby will startle in response to a loud sound or
sudden movement and arms form a C shape
✔✔protective/postural reflexes - ✔✔neck righting/correcting, parachute: sideways,
forward, backwards
✔✔Neck righting reflex - ✔✔neck keeps head in upright position when body is tilted
✔✔Parachute (sideways) - ✔✔arm extension when tilted to side in supported sitting
position
✔✔forward parachute reflex - ✔✔extension of arms when held in
✔✔backward parachute reflex - ✔✔try to catch self when tilted backwards
✔✔ask pt if there is anything special you need to know about them to take care of them
- ✔✔be respectful and non judgmental in ALL situations
✔✔cultural - ✔✔ask about their culture and respect their beliefs
do NOT ASSUME
find out if an interpreter is needed
✔✔Piaget: Sensorimotor Stage - ✔✔(Birth to 2 years)
infants progress from reflexive to simple repetitive to imitative activities
separation, object permanence, mental representation = accomplished
✔✔seperation - ✔✔infants learn to separate themselves from other objects in the
environment
piaget sensimotor stage
✔✔object permanence - ✔✔process by which infants learn that an object still exists
when it is out of view (9-10 months)
piaget sensorimotor stage
✔✔mental representation - ✔✔ability to recognize and use symbols
,piaget sensorimotor stage
✔✔Erikson: Trust vs. Mistrust - ✔✔birth to 1 year
infant begins to learn delayed gratification - failure leads to mistrust = mistrust develops
if needs are inadequately or inconsistently met or if needs are continuously met before
being vocalized by the infant
achieving this is based on the quality of the caregiver/infant relationship
trust is developed by meeting comfort.feeding.stimulation and caring needs
✔✔crying - ✔✔first verbal communication
✔✔crying decreases - ✔✔by 12 weeks of age
✔✔DTaP - ✔✔Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis
given at 2, 4, and 6 months
✔✔naturally acquired active immunity - ✔✔occurs when the person is exposed to a live
pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of the primary
immune response
✔✔artificially acquired active immunity - ✔✔can be induced by a vaccine, a substance
that contains the antigen
✔✔passive immunity - ✔✔the short-term immunity which results from the introduction of
antibodies from another person(mother) or animal.
✔✔Live attenuated vaccines - ✔✔measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
varicella zoster
rotavirus
influenza (intraNASAL)
✔✔Protective/postural reflexes are developed - ✔✔later in life
✔✔nesting toys - ✔✔toys that fit together ... make sure age appropriate
✔✔why is it important to know LIVE vaccines - ✔✔if the pt or family member is
immunocompromised = can get sick
✔✔when a baby is born it makes Hgb F - ✔✔and is gradually replaced with Hgb A
, ✔✔at 4-6 months - ✔✔iron runs out= irons supplementation is necessary to prevent
anemia
✔✔premature babies need - ✔✔extra iron (did not get iron transferred from mom -
which is normally done during the last trimester)
✔✔health promotion ex - ✔✔VACCINATIONS
✔✔BACK TO SLEEP PREVENTS - ✔✔SIDS - SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME
Babies should never sleep on their sides or face down
✔✔exposure to lead paint - ✔✔should be avoided
✔✔the safest are for infants and children is - ✔✔in the back seat of the car
✔✔colic - ✔✔excessive crying in an infant
causes extreme parent frustration
make sure infants needs are met -> place infant in crib and walk away -> advise parents
to seek help as needed
✔✔babies HR and RR - ✔✔are higher than adults.... and their BP is lower
✔✔preoperational stage piaget - ✔✔19 to 24 months
concept of object permanence becomes fully developed
domestic mimicry is evident (playing house)
DOES NOT ALLOW toddlers to understand other viewpoint BUT it does allow them to
symbolize objects and people to imitate previously seen activities
✔✔Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Erikson) - ✔✔independence is super important for
toddlers - they attempt to do everything themselves
use negativism = negative responses = as they begin to express their independence
ritualism= maintaining routines and reliability provides a sense of comfort for toddlers
✔✔1 year olds use - ✔✔one word sentences
✔✔Echolalia - ✔✔toddlers will repeat words they hear without knowing the meaning
