NURS 4331 UPDATED EXAM SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Erikson) - ✔✔independence is super important for
toddlers - they attempt to do everything themselves
use negativism = negative responses = as they begin to express their independence
ritualism= maintaining routines and reliability provides a sense of comfort for toddlers
✔✔1 year olds use - ✔✔one word sentences
✔✔Echolalia - ✔✔toddlers will repeat words they hear without knowing the meaning
✔✔Solitary play evolves into parallel play - ✔✔toddlers observe other children and then
might engage in activities nearby
✔✔toilet training - ✔✔can begin when toddlers have the sensation of needing to
urinate/defecate
parents should be patient and consistent
✔✔myelinization is complete at age 2 - ✔✔at this age the toddler is neurologically ready
to start toilet training
✔✔foods that are potential choking hazards - ✔✔Nuts, grapes/raisins, hot dogs, peanut
butter, raw carrots, tough meats, popcorn
✔✔preoperational piaget - ✔✔preschoolers
all snails are the same snail -> transitions to the intuitive =symbols and language
thought around age 4
preschooler moves from totally egocentric thoughts to social awareness and the ability
to consider the viewpoints of others
✔✔magical thinking - ✔✔cognitive feature of preoperational preschool children;
thoughts are all powerful and can cause events to occur
✔✔animism - ✔✔giving lifelike qualities to inanimate objects
✔✔centration - ✔✔focus on one aspect of a situation, neglecting other important
features
, ✔✔time - ✔✔preschooler begin to understand the sequence of daily events...
best explained to them in relation to an event
✔✔Erikson: Initiative vs. Guilt - ✔✔preschoolers become energetic learners, despite not
having all of the physical abilities necessary to be successful at everything.
------- can occur when preschoolers believe they have misbehaved or when they are
unable to accomplish a task. Guiding preschoolers to attempt activities within their
capabilities while setting limits is appropriate
✔✔during stress or illness preschoolers can - ✔✔regress to previous immature
behaviors
nose picking, bed wetting, thumb sucking
✔✔cooperative play - ✔✔activity in which children actually play with one another
shift from parallel play
playing ball, puzzles, dress-up together
✔✔4-6 years old - ✔✔DTaP
✔✔night terrors - ✔✔the child is asleep but looks awake and very afraid
✔✔what to do night terrors - ✔✔do NOT WAKE UP child
comfort them and try to get them to settle back down
✔✔preschooler should be taught - ✔✔how to SWIM
✔✔Therapeutic holding/hugging - ✔✔techniques to hold child during a procedure... help
them feel safe and keep still and calm
✔✔school age children - ✔✔6-12 years old
rapid growth of height and weight
typically when prepubescence occurs
✔✔Piaget: Concrete Operational - ✔✔transition from perceptual to conceptual (in mind)
thinking
masters concept of conservation = amount stays the same even if the container
changers
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Erikson) - ✔✔independence is super important for
toddlers - they attempt to do everything themselves
use negativism = negative responses = as they begin to express their independence
ritualism= maintaining routines and reliability provides a sense of comfort for toddlers
✔✔1 year olds use - ✔✔one word sentences
✔✔Echolalia - ✔✔toddlers will repeat words they hear without knowing the meaning
✔✔Solitary play evolves into parallel play - ✔✔toddlers observe other children and then
might engage in activities nearby
✔✔toilet training - ✔✔can begin when toddlers have the sensation of needing to
urinate/defecate
parents should be patient and consistent
✔✔myelinization is complete at age 2 - ✔✔at this age the toddler is neurologically ready
to start toilet training
✔✔foods that are potential choking hazards - ✔✔Nuts, grapes/raisins, hot dogs, peanut
butter, raw carrots, tough meats, popcorn
✔✔preoperational piaget - ✔✔preschoolers
all snails are the same snail -> transitions to the intuitive =symbols and language
thought around age 4
preschooler moves from totally egocentric thoughts to social awareness and the ability
to consider the viewpoints of others
✔✔magical thinking - ✔✔cognitive feature of preoperational preschool children;
thoughts are all powerful and can cause events to occur
✔✔animism - ✔✔giving lifelike qualities to inanimate objects
✔✔centration - ✔✔focus on one aspect of a situation, neglecting other important
features
, ✔✔time - ✔✔preschooler begin to understand the sequence of daily events...
best explained to them in relation to an event
✔✔Erikson: Initiative vs. Guilt - ✔✔preschoolers become energetic learners, despite not
having all of the physical abilities necessary to be successful at everything.
------- can occur when preschoolers believe they have misbehaved or when they are
unable to accomplish a task. Guiding preschoolers to attempt activities within their
capabilities while setting limits is appropriate
✔✔during stress or illness preschoolers can - ✔✔regress to previous immature
behaviors
nose picking, bed wetting, thumb sucking
✔✔cooperative play - ✔✔activity in which children actually play with one another
shift from parallel play
playing ball, puzzles, dress-up together
✔✔4-6 years old - ✔✔DTaP
✔✔night terrors - ✔✔the child is asleep but looks awake and very afraid
✔✔what to do night terrors - ✔✔do NOT WAKE UP child
comfort them and try to get them to settle back down
✔✔preschooler should be taught - ✔✔how to SWIM
✔✔Therapeutic holding/hugging - ✔✔techniques to hold child during a procedure... help
them feel safe and keep still and calm
✔✔school age children - ✔✔6-12 years old
rapid growth of height and weight
typically when prepubescence occurs
✔✔Piaget: Concrete Operational - ✔✔transition from perceptual to conceptual (in mind)
thinking
masters concept of conservation = amount stays the same even if the container
changers
