Political Parties: Origins, Transformations and Future
Prospects
Lecture 1: Introduction 3
Lecture 2: Political Parties and Party Models 4
Political Parties & Liberal Democracy 4
Cadre Party 5
The Mass Party 6
The Catch-all Party 7
Cartel Party 8
Lecture 3: Party Ideology and Party Families – Liberalism, Conservativism, and
Neo-Conservativism 12
Political Ideology 12
Liberalism and Liberal Parties 13
Conservative Parties 16
Economic changes in the 1970s 18
Neo-Conservativism 18
Lecture 4: Party Ideology and Party Families – Christian Democracy, Social
Democracy, and the Third Way of the 1990s. 21
Christian Democratic Parties 21
Socialists and Social Democrats 25
The welfare state 28
The Third Way 31
Lecture 5: Demand Side of Party Systems 35
Demand side versus Supply side 35
Cleavages 36
Dealignment/realignment? 40
Lecture 6: The Supply Side of Party Systems 47
Party systems 47
Electoral systems 47
Counting parties 51
Party Competition 52
Lecture 7: The New Left and Green Parties 56
The New Left 56
Left-Libertarianism 58
The Green parties 60
Green Parties 61
Lecture 8: Populism 65
Thin-centered ideology 66
, Demoticism 67
Measuring Populism 68
Lecture 9: The (Populist) Radical Right and (Populist) Radical Left 71
Radical and Extreme Politics in Waves 71
The Radical Right 77
Populist Radical Left 81
Lecture 10: The United States Party System 84
The birth of the modern democratic party 85
Civil Rights Era 86
Southern Strategy 88
Lecture 10: Regionalism and Multi-Level Party Systems 93
Nationalism 95
Regionalism 96
Lecture 12: Social Movements and Political Parties 102
Contentious Politics 102
Theories of Social Movements 104
Social Movements to Movement Parties 107
Lecture 13: Political Parties in Latin-America 112
Western European Party Politics vs. LA 112
Institutionalization and Linkages 112
Populism in Latin America 117
Lecture 14: Review 119
(2) Katz & Mair, 1995 120
(3) Mair & Mudde, 1998. The Party Family and Its Study. 120
(4) Kalyvas & Van Kersbergen, 2010. Christian Democracy. 120
(4) Abou-Chadi & Wagner, 2024. Electoral Decline of Social Democratic Parties. 121
(5) Ford & Jennings, 2020. The Changing Cleavage Politics of Western Europe. 122
(6) Mair, 2006. Party System Change 123
(7) Wang & Keith, 2020. The Greening of European Radical Left Parties. 123
(8) Mudde, 2004. The Populist Zeitgeist. 123
(9) Mudde, 2007. Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe. 123
(11) Masetti & Schakel, 2015. How Regionalist Parties into Centre-Periphery Politics.123
(12) Tsakatika, 2023. Political Parties and Social Movements 124
(13) Kestler, 2022. Recent Cases of Right-Wing Populism in Latin-America. 124
,Lecture 1: Introduction
Lecture 1 i did on paper
, Lecture 2: Political Parties and Party Models
Political Parties & Liberal Democracy
1. Institution that A. seeks to influence a state, often by attempting to occupy positions
in government, and B. usually consists of more than a single interest in the society
and to some degree attempts to ‘aggregate interests’.
2. Any political group identified by an official label that presents at elections, and is
capable of placing through elections (free or non-free), candidates for public office.
3. A political party is an autonomous group of citizens whose purpose is to making
nominations and contest elections in the hope of gaining control of government power
by capturing of public offices and the organization of the government.
The bottom line is that parties have an organizing role, and a role that he called linkage →
they link society to some sort of representation.
Liberal democracy without parties?
Different theorists have different ideas on parties;
- Robert Dahl called liberal democracy polyarchy
- he says true democracy is about direct representation
- but he says you need to have parties via representation
Another political scientist,
- Nadia Urbinati, says they are absolutely important for political contestation
- there tends to be an idea now that contestation is bad
- but she says contestation is good; a contestation of ideas
- it is a form of pluralism
Also
- Anthony Downs
- very interesting ideas on the role of parties
- social and political issues are complex. And then parties are information-reducers who
simplify complexity
- they reduce info within a world view
- and to contextualize
Prospects
Lecture 1: Introduction 3
Lecture 2: Political Parties and Party Models 4
Political Parties & Liberal Democracy 4
Cadre Party 5
The Mass Party 6
The Catch-all Party 7
Cartel Party 8
Lecture 3: Party Ideology and Party Families – Liberalism, Conservativism, and
Neo-Conservativism 12
Political Ideology 12
Liberalism and Liberal Parties 13
Conservative Parties 16
Economic changes in the 1970s 18
Neo-Conservativism 18
Lecture 4: Party Ideology and Party Families – Christian Democracy, Social
Democracy, and the Third Way of the 1990s. 21
Christian Democratic Parties 21
Socialists and Social Democrats 25
The welfare state 28
The Third Way 31
Lecture 5: Demand Side of Party Systems 35
Demand side versus Supply side 35
Cleavages 36
Dealignment/realignment? 40
Lecture 6: The Supply Side of Party Systems 47
Party systems 47
Electoral systems 47
Counting parties 51
Party Competition 52
Lecture 7: The New Left and Green Parties 56
The New Left 56
Left-Libertarianism 58
The Green parties 60
Green Parties 61
Lecture 8: Populism 65
Thin-centered ideology 66
, Demoticism 67
Measuring Populism 68
Lecture 9: The (Populist) Radical Right and (Populist) Radical Left 71
Radical and Extreme Politics in Waves 71
The Radical Right 77
Populist Radical Left 81
Lecture 10: The United States Party System 84
The birth of the modern democratic party 85
Civil Rights Era 86
Southern Strategy 88
Lecture 10: Regionalism and Multi-Level Party Systems 93
Nationalism 95
Regionalism 96
Lecture 12: Social Movements and Political Parties 102
Contentious Politics 102
Theories of Social Movements 104
Social Movements to Movement Parties 107
Lecture 13: Political Parties in Latin-America 112
Western European Party Politics vs. LA 112
Institutionalization and Linkages 112
Populism in Latin America 117
Lecture 14: Review 119
(2) Katz & Mair, 1995 120
(3) Mair & Mudde, 1998. The Party Family and Its Study. 120
(4) Kalyvas & Van Kersbergen, 2010. Christian Democracy. 120
(4) Abou-Chadi & Wagner, 2024. Electoral Decline of Social Democratic Parties. 121
(5) Ford & Jennings, 2020. The Changing Cleavage Politics of Western Europe. 122
(6) Mair, 2006. Party System Change 123
(7) Wang & Keith, 2020. The Greening of European Radical Left Parties. 123
(8) Mudde, 2004. The Populist Zeitgeist. 123
(9) Mudde, 2007. Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe. 123
(11) Masetti & Schakel, 2015. How Regionalist Parties into Centre-Periphery Politics.123
(12) Tsakatika, 2023. Political Parties and Social Movements 124
(13) Kestler, 2022. Recent Cases of Right-Wing Populism in Latin-America. 124
,Lecture 1: Introduction
Lecture 1 i did on paper
, Lecture 2: Political Parties and Party Models
Political Parties & Liberal Democracy
1. Institution that A. seeks to influence a state, often by attempting to occupy positions
in government, and B. usually consists of more than a single interest in the society
and to some degree attempts to ‘aggregate interests’.
2. Any political group identified by an official label that presents at elections, and is
capable of placing through elections (free or non-free), candidates for public office.
3. A political party is an autonomous group of citizens whose purpose is to making
nominations and contest elections in the hope of gaining control of government power
by capturing of public offices and the organization of the government.
The bottom line is that parties have an organizing role, and a role that he called linkage →
they link society to some sort of representation.
Liberal democracy without parties?
Different theorists have different ideas on parties;
- Robert Dahl called liberal democracy polyarchy
- he says true democracy is about direct representation
- but he says you need to have parties via representation
Another political scientist,
- Nadia Urbinati, says they are absolutely important for political contestation
- there tends to be an idea now that contestation is bad
- but she says contestation is good; a contestation of ideas
- it is a form of pluralism
Also
- Anthony Downs
- very interesting ideas on the role of parties
- social and political issues are complex. And then parties are information-reducers who
simplify complexity
- they reduce info within a world view
- and to contextualize
