Test Bank - Pathophysiology 6th Edition (Banasik, 2019)
TEST BANK
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Jacquelyn L. Banasik
6th Edition
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology 6th Edition (Banasik, 2019)
Table of Contents
Unit I: Pathophysiologic Processes
1. Introduction to Pathophysiology
2. Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors
Unit II: Cellular Function
3. Cell Structure and Function
4. Cell Injury, Aging, and Death
5. Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation
6. Genetic and Developmental Disorders
7. Neoplasia
Unit III: Defense
8. Infectious Processes
9. Inflammation and Immunity
10. Alterations in Immune Function
11. Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells
12. HIV Disease and AIDS
Unit IV: Oxygen Transport, Blood Coagulation, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure
13. Alterations in Oxygen Transport
14. Alterations in Homeostasis and Blood Coagulation
15. Alterations in Blood Flow
16. Alterations in Blood Pressure
Unit V: Cardiac Function
17. Cardiac Function
18. Alterations in Cardiac Function
19. Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases
20. Shock
Unit VI: Respiratory Function
21. Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange
22. Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders
23. Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders
Unit VII: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis
24. Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances
25. Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology 6th Edition (Banasik, 2019)
Unit VIII: Renal and Bladder Function
26. Renal Function
27. Intrarenal Disorders
28. Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease
29. Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract
Unit IX: Genital and Reproductive Function
30. Male Genital and Reproductive Function
31. Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function
32. Female Genital and Reproductive Function
33. Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function
34. Sexually Transmitted Infections
Unit X: Gastrointestinal Function
35. Gastrointestinal Function
36. Gastrointestinal Disorders
37. Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas
38. Liver Diseases
Unit XI: Endocrine Function, Metabolism, and Nutrition
39. Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation
40. Disorders of Endocrine Function
41. Diabetes Mellitus
42. Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition
Unit XII: Neural Function
43. Structure and Function of the Nervous System
44. Acute Disorders of Brain Function
45. Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function
46. Alterations in Special Sensory Function
47. Pain
Unit XIII: Neuropsychological Function 48. Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses
49. Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses
Unit XIV: Musculoskeletal Support and Movement
50. Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
51. Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease
52. Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders
Unit XV: Integumentary System
53. Alterations in the Integumentary System
54. Burn Injuries
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology 6th Edition (Banasik, 2019)
Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology
Banasik: Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a
pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3 F, skin rash,
dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise,
and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescribed.
The etiology of C.Q.͛s disease is
a. a sore throat.
b. streptococcal infection.
c. genetic susceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat is the
manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendency to develop a
disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical manifestation of the
disease process.
2. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes
meningitis. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: A
NURSINGTB.COM
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible
individuals by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and
management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology 6th Edition (Banasik, 2019)
attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves
management of the disease once it has developed.
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise
program. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such as
prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity.
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to
alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the
disease once it has developed.
4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium
intake. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, such as by
prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by
altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes
rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning.
Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology 6th Edition (Banasik, 2019)
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering
medication. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: C
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and
restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-lowering
medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering
susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary prevention is the
early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment involves management of the
disease once it has developed.
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of
this disease. This stage of illness is called the stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS : B
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the first appearance
of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the incubation (latent) period.
Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease.
These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise, anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a
number of different diseases.
Sequela refers to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the stage of
recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
7. A disease that is native to a particular region is called
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology 6th Edition (Banasik, 2019)
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
ANS: B
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease that spreads to
many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps
spreading worldwide.
8. In general, with aging, organ size and function
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remains the same.
d. are unknown.
ANS: B
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
established, is referred to as
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
established, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious
agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent
period or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period, or
prodrome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease.
Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology 6th Edition (Banasik, 2019)
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. Your patient’s red blood cell is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by (Select all that
apply.)
a. gender difference.
b. situational factors.
c. normal variation.
d. cultural variation.
e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E
Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red blood cell count.
Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal).
2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply.)
a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins.
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiène.
ANS : B, C, D, E
Socioeconomic factors influence disease development via exposure to environmental toxins
(occupational) and overcrowding, nutrition (over- or undernutrition), and hygiene (e.g., in developing
countries). Genetics is not influenced by socioeconomic factors.
TRUE/FALSE
1. When the cause is unknown, a condition is said to be idiopathic
ANS: T
Many diseases are idiopathic in nature.
2. The nurse is swabbing a patient’s throat to test for streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse must understand
that tests such as this differ in the probability that they will be positive for a condition when applied to a person with
the condition; this probability is termed sensitivity.
ANS: T
The sensitivity of any test refers to the probability that the test will be positive when applied to a person with the
condition and will not provide a false negative result. In contrast, specificity is the probability that a test will be
negative when applied to a person who does not have a given condition.
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology 6th Edition (Banasik, 2019)
Chapter 02: Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to Stressors
Banasik: Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except
a. tachycardia.
b. diaphoresis.
c. increased peripheral resistance.
d. pupil constriction.
ANS: D
Pupils dilate during stress from the effects of catecholamines. Tachycardia, diaphoresis, and increased
peripheral resistance are indicators of stress and also occur because of catecholamine release.
2. Which is not normally secreted in response to stress?
a. Norepinephrine
b. Cortisol
c. Epinephrine
d. Insulin
ANS: D
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology 6th Edition (Banasik, 2019)
Insulin secretion is impaired during stress to promote energy from increased blood glucose.
Norepinephrine is secreted during stress as a mediator of stress and adaptation. Cortisol is secreted
during stress as a mediator of stress and adaptation and stimulates gluconeogenesis
in the liver to supply the body with glucose. Epinephrine is secreted during stress as a
mediator of stress and adaptation and increases glycogenolysis and the release of glucose from the liver.
3. Selye’s three phases of the stress response include all the following except
a. allostasis.
b. resistance.
c. alarm.
d. exhaustion.
ANS: A
Allostasis is defined as the ability to successfully adapt to challenges. Allostasis may/may not occur in
response to stress. Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion are the three phases of the stress response as
described by Selye in the general adaptation syndrome.
4. Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and
are mediated by
a. norepinephrine.
b. cortisol.
c. glucagon.
d. ACTH.
ANS: A
Norepinephrine is secreted in response to activation of the sympathetic nervous system during stress by
the adrenal medulla. Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal cortex. Glucagon is secreted by the pancreas.
ACTH is secreted by the pituitary gland.
TEST BANK
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Jacquelyn L. Banasik
6th Edition
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology 6th Edition (Banasik, 2019)
Table of Contents
Unit I: Pathophysiologic Processes
1. Introduction to Pathophysiology
2. Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors
Unit II: Cellular Function
3. Cell Structure and Function
4. Cell Injury, Aging, and Death
5. Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation
6. Genetic and Developmental Disorders
7. Neoplasia
Unit III: Defense
8. Infectious Processes
9. Inflammation and Immunity
10. Alterations in Immune Function
11. Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells
12. HIV Disease and AIDS
Unit IV: Oxygen Transport, Blood Coagulation, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure
13. Alterations in Oxygen Transport
14. Alterations in Homeostasis and Blood Coagulation
15. Alterations in Blood Flow
16. Alterations in Blood Pressure
Unit V: Cardiac Function
17. Cardiac Function
18. Alterations in Cardiac Function
19. Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases
20. Shock
Unit VI: Respiratory Function
21. Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange
22. Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders
23. Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders
Unit VII: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis
24. Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances
25. Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology 6th Edition (Banasik, 2019)
Unit VIII: Renal and Bladder Function
26. Renal Function
27. Intrarenal Disorders
28. Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease
29. Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract
Unit IX: Genital and Reproductive Function
30. Male Genital and Reproductive Function
31. Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function
32. Female Genital and Reproductive Function
33. Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function
34. Sexually Transmitted Infections
Unit X: Gastrointestinal Function
35. Gastrointestinal Function
36. Gastrointestinal Disorders
37. Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas
38. Liver Diseases
Unit XI: Endocrine Function, Metabolism, and Nutrition
39. Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation
40. Disorders of Endocrine Function
41. Diabetes Mellitus
42. Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition
Unit XII: Neural Function
43. Structure and Function of the Nervous System
44. Acute Disorders of Brain Function
45. Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function
46. Alterations in Special Sensory Function
47. Pain
Unit XIII: Neuropsychological Function 48. Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses
49. Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses
Unit XIV: Musculoskeletal Support and Movement
50. Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
51. Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease
52. Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders
Unit XV: Integumentary System
53. Alterations in the Integumentary System
54. Burn Injuries
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology 6th Edition (Banasik, 2019)
Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology
Banasik: Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a
pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3 F, skin rash,
dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise,
and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescribed.
The etiology of C.Q.͛s disease is
a. a sore throat.
b. streptococcal infection.
c. genetic susceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat is the
manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendency to develop a
disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical manifestation of the
disease process.
2. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes
meningitis. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: A
NURSINGTB.COM
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible
individuals by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and
management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology 6th Edition (Banasik, 2019)
attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves
management of the disease once it has developed.
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise
program. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such as
prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity.
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to
alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the
disease once it has developed.
4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium
intake. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, such as by
prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by
altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes
rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning.
Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology 6th Edition (Banasik, 2019)
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering
medication. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: C
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and
restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-lowering
medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering
susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary prevention is the
early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment involves management of the
disease once it has developed.
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of
this disease. This stage of illness is called the stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS : B
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the first appearance
of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the incubation (latent) period.
Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease.
These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise, anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a
number of different diseases.
Sequela refers to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the stage of
recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
7. A disease that is native to a particular region is called
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology 6th Edition (Banasik, 2019)
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
ANS: B
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease that spreads to
many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps
spreading worldwide.
8. In general, with aging, organ size and function
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remains the same.
d. are unknown.
ANS: B
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
established, is referred to as
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
established, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious
agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent
period or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period, or
prodrome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease.
Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology 6th Edition (Banasik, 2019)
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. Your patient’s red blood cell is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by (Select all that
apply.)
a. gender difference.
b. situational factors.
c. normal variation.
d. cultural variation.
e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E
Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red blood cell count.
Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal).
2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply.)
a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins.
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiène.
ANS : B, C, D, E
Socioeconomic factors influence disease development via exposure to environmental toxins
(occupational) and overcrowding, nutrition (over- or undernutrition), and hygiene (e.g., in developing
countries). Genetics is not influenced by socioeconomic factors.
TRUE/FALSE
1. When the cause is unknown, a condition is said to be idiopathic
ANS: T
Many diseases are idiopathic in nature.
2. The nurse is swabbing a patient’s throat to test for streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse must understand
that tests such as this differ in the probability that they will be positive for a condition when applied to a person with
the condition; this probability is termed sensitivity.
ANS: T
The sensitivity of any test refers to the probability that the test will be positive when applied to a person with the
condition and will not provide a false negative result. In contrast, specificity is the probability that a test will be
negative when applied to a person who does not have a given condition.
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology 6th Edition (Banasik, 2019)
Chapter 02: Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to Stressors
Banasik: Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except
a. tachycardia.
b. diaphoresis.
c. increased peripheral resistance.
d. pupil constriction.
ANS: D
Pupils dilate during stress from the effects of catecholamines. Tachycardia, diaphoresis, and increased
peripheral resistance are indicators of stress and also occur because of catecholamine release.
2. Which is not normally secreted in response to stress?
a. Norepinephrine
b. Cortisol
c. Epinephrine
d. Insulin
ANS: D
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology 6th Edition (Banasik, 2019)
Insulin secretion is impaired during stress to promote energy from increased blood glucose.
Norepinephrine is secreted during stress as a mediator of stress and adaptation. Cortisol is secreted
during stress as a mediator of stress and adaptation and stimulates gluconeogenesis
in the liver to supply the body with glucose. Epinephrine is secreted during stress as a
mediator of stress and adaptation and increases glycogenolysis and the release of glucose from the liver.
3. Selye’s three phases of the stress response include all the following except
a. allostasis.
b. resistance.
c. alarm.
d. exhaustion.
ANS: A
Allostasis is defined as the ability to successfully adapt to challenges. Allostasis may/may not occur in
response to stress. Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion are the three phases of the stress response as
described by Selye in the general adaptation syndrome.
4. Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and
are mediated by
a. norepinephrine.
b. cortisol.
c. glucagon.
d. ACTH.
ANS: A
Norepinephrine is secreted in response to activation of the sympathetic nervous system during stress by
the adrenal medulla. Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal cortex. Glucagon is secreted by the pancreas.
ACTH is secreted by the pituitary gland.
