PNVN 1521 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Vitamin E (Tocopherol) - ✔✔Antioxidant
Food Source: vegetable oils, green leafy vegetables, cereals, apricots, apples, peaches
Toxicity: interfere vitamin K
✔✔Vitamin K - ✔✔Blood clotting & bone development, required intestinal
Food Source: green, leafy vegetables, cauliflower, cabbage
Deficiency: 2nd deficiency w/ severe malabsorption or abx that kills intestinal bacteria
✔✔Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) - ✔✔Connective Tissue, Antioxidant
Food Source: strawberries, citrus, tomatoes, broccoli, cabbage
Deficiency: Scurvy (easy bruising, pinpoint skin hemorrhages, poor wound healing,
bleeding gums), depleted by smoking
Toxicity: GI disturbances
✔✔Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) - ✔✔Enable the body to use CHO as energy (GI,Nervous &
Cardiac)
Food Source: pork, nuts, whole grains, cereals, legumes
Deficiency: beriberi, poor appetite, found in alcoholics, constipation
✔✔Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) - ✔✔Helps the body convert food into fuel
Food Source: milk, lean meats, fish, grains
Deficiency: cracked lips, red tongue
✔✔Vitamin B3 (Niacin) - ✔✔Convert glucose to energy
Food Source: meat, poultry fish, whole grains, cereals, peanuts
Deficiency: Pellagra, weakness, poor appetite, found in alcoholics
Toxicity: skin flushing, burning/tingling
, ✔✔Folic Acid - ✔✔DNA & hemoglobin synthesis, cell division
Food Source: green, leafy vegetables, liver, beef, fish, legumes
Deficiency: neural tube defects
(spinal bifida & anencephaly)
✔✔Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) - ✔✔Required for hemoglobin synthesis
Food Source: soy milk, meat liver, intrinsic factor necessary for absorption
Deficiency: Pernicious Anemia
• IM injection monthly
• lifetime
✔✔Calcium - ✔✔Bone formation, muscle & nerve action
Food Sources: dairy, collard greens, kale, tofu, rhubarb, sardines, yogurt, fortified food
Deficiency: osteoporosis, cramps, tetany, +Chvostek's or Trousseau's sign
Toxicity: muscle weakness, constipation, bone pain
✔✔Phosphorus - ✔✔Bone formation, acid-base balance, inverse relation
to calcium
Food Source: dairy, fish, organ meats, nuts, pork, beef, chicken, whole grains, cereals
Deficiency: < deep tendon reflex, bone pain
Toxicity: muscle weakness,
+Chovostek's or Trousseaus sign
✔✔Sodium - ✔✔Water balance, muscle action
Food Source: cured meat, canned or processed food
Deficiency: poor skin turgor, rapid, thready pulse
Toxicity: dry mucous membrane, thirst, flushed, >temp
✔✔Potassium - ✔✔Muscle action, insulin release
Food Source: avocados, bananas, cantaloupe, orange, strawberries, tomatoes, carrots,
spinach, fish, port, beef, potatoes
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Vitamin E (Tocopherol) - ✔✔Antioxidant
Food Source: vegetable oils, green leafy vegetables, cereals, apricots, apples, peaches
Toxicity: interfere vitamin K
✔✔Vitamin K - ✔✔Blood clotting & bone development, required intestinal
Food Source: green, leafy vegetables, cauliflower, cabbage
Deficiency: 2nd deficiency w/ severe malabsorption or abx that kills intestinal bacteria
✔✔Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) - ✔✔Connective Tissue, Antioxidant
Food Source: strawberries, citrus, tomatoes, broccoli, cabbage
Deficiency: Scurvy (easy bruising, pinpoint skin hemorrhages, poor wound healing,
bleeding gums), depleted by smoking
Toxicity: GI disturbances
✔✔Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) - ✔✔Enable the body to use CHO as energy (GI,Nervous &
Cardiac)
Food Source: pork, nuts, whole grains, cereals, legumes
Deficiency: beriberi, poor appetite, found in alcoholics, constipation
✔✔Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) - ✔✔Helps the body convert food into fuel
Food Source: milk, lean meats, fish, grains
Deficiency: cracked lips, red tongue
✔✔Vitamin B3 (Niacin) - ✔✔Convert glucose to energy
Food Source: meat, poultry fish, whole grains, cereals, peanuts
Deficiency: Pellagra, weakness, poor appetite, found in alcoholics
Toxicity: skin flushing, burning/tingling
, ✔✔Folic Acid - ✔✔DNA & hemoglobin synthesis, cell division
Food Source: green, leafy vegetables, liver, beef, fish, legumes
Deficiency: neural tube defects
(spinal bifida & anencephaly)
✔✔Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) - ✔✔Required for hemoglobin synthesis
Food Source: soy milk, meat liver, intrinsic factor necessary for absorption
Deficiency: Pernicious Anemia
• IM injection monthly
• lifetime
✔✔Calcium - ✔✔Bone formation, muscle & nerve action
Food Sources: dairy, collard greens, kale, tofu, rhubarb, sardines, yogurt, fortified food
Deficiency: osteoporosis, cramps, tetany, +Chvostek's or Trousseau's sign
Toxicity: muscle weakness, constipation, bone pain
✔✔Phosphorus - ✔✔Bone formation, acid-base balance, inverse relation
to calcium
Food Source: dairy, fish, organ meats, nuts, pork, beef, chicken, whole grains, cereals
Deficiency: < deep tendon reflex, bone pain
Toxicity: muscle weakness,
+Chovostek's or Trousseaus sign
✔✔Sodium - ✔✔Water balance, muscle action
Food Source: cured meat, canned or processed food
Deficiency: poor skin turgor, rapid, thready pulse
Toxicity: dry mucous membrane, thirst, flushed, >temp
✔✔Potassium - ✔✔Muscle action, insulin release
Food Source: avocados, bananas, cantaloupe, orange, strawberries, tomatoes, carrots,
spinach, fish, port, beef, potatoes
