NCLE UPDATED EXAM SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔antibody - ✔✔a specific substance produced by the body in the presence of an
antigen
✔✔antigen - ✔✔any substance that acts against the action of histamine
✔✔aphakia - ✔✔absence of the crystalline lens of the eye
✔✔aqueous humor - ✔✔clear, watery fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers
within the front part of the eye
✔✔arcus senilus - ✔✔grayish white ring in the periphery of the cornea
✔✔asthenopia - ✔✔eye fatigue caused by tiring of the internal and/or external muscles
✔✔astigmatism - ✔✔a refractive error that prevents light rays from coming to a single
focus on the retina because of different degrees of refraction in the various meridians of
the eye
✔✔against-the-rule astigmatism - ✔✔condition in which the steepest corneal meridian is
in the horizontal plane. An example of keratometer readings for a patient exhibiting this
condition would be:
K's 45.00@180/42.00@90
✔✔irregular astigmatism - ✔✔astigmatism caused by an irregularly shaped cornea
✔✔lenticular astigmatism - ✔✔astigmatism found in the crystalline lens
✔✔oblique astigmatism - ✔✔regular astigmatism in which the principal meridians are
other than 90 & 180
✔✔residual astigmatism - ✔✔astigmatism remaining after the corneal astigmatism has
been neutralized
✔✔with-the-rule astigmatism - ✔✔condition in which the steepest corneal meridian is in
the vertical plane, an example of keratometer reading for a patient exhibiting this
condition would be:
K's: 42.00@180/45.00@90
, ✔✔atrophy - ✔✔wasting or decrease of tissue due to faulty nutrition or loss of verve
supply
✔✔back vertex power (BVP) - ✔✔when neutralizing a lens, the concave or the posterior
side of the lens in placed against the aperture of the lensometer
✔✔bedewing (Cornea) - ✔✔an edematous condition of the epithelium of the cornea
characterized by irregular reflecting from a multitude of droplets when the cornea is
viewed with the slit lamp
✔✔biconcave lens - ✔✔lens having a concave surface on both faces
✔✔biconvex lens - ✔✔lens having a convex surface on both faces
✔✔binocular vision - ✔✔ability to use the two eyes simultaneously to focus on the same
object and to fuse the two images into a single image that gives a correct interpretation
of its solidity and its position in space
✔✔blepharitis - ✔✔inflammation of the margins of the eyelids
✔✔blepharoconjunctivitis - ✔✔inflammation of the eyelids and conjunctiva
✔✔blepharoplasty - ✔✔plastic surgery of the eyelid
✔✔blepharoptisis - ✔✔drooping of the upper eyelid
✔✔blepharospasm - ✔✔excessive winking; tonic or clonic spasm of the orbicularis oculi
muscle
✔✔bulbar - ✔✔pertaining to the globe
✔✔buphthalmos - ✔✔enlargement of the eyeball, resulting usually from congenital
(infantile) glaucoma
✔✔cum correction (C, CC) - ✔✔"with correction" or wearing prescribed lenses
✔✔canaliculus - ✔✔Tubes (upper and lower) through which tears pass into the Lacrimal
Sac
✔✔canthus - ✔✔The angle at either end of the slit between the eyelids; the corner of
the eye.
✔✔cataract - ✔✔Clouding of the eye's lens; often congenital or age-related.
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔antibody - ✔✔a specific substance produced by the body in the presence of an
antigen
✔✔antigen - ✔✔any substance that acts against the action of histamine
✔✔aphakia - ✔✔absence of the crystalline lens of the eye
✔✔aqueous humor - ✔✔clear, watery fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers
within the front part of the eye
✔✔arcus senilus - ✔✔grayish white ring in the periphery of the cornea
✔✔asthenopia - ✔✔eye fatigue caused by tiring of the internal and/or external muscles
✔✔astigmatism - ✔✔a refractive error that prevents light rays from coming to a single
focus on the retina because of different degrees of refraction in the various meridians of
the eye
✔✔against-the-rule astigmatism - ✔✔condition in which the steepest corneal meridian is
in the horizontal plane. An example of keratometer readings for a patient exhibiting this
condition would be:
K's 45.00@180/42.00@90
✔✔irregular astigmatism - ✔✔astigmatism caused by an irregularly shaped cornea
✔✔lenticular astigmatism - ✔✔astigmatism found in the crystalline lens
✔✔oblique astigmatism - ✔✔regular astigmatism in which the principal meridians are
other than 90 & 180
✔✔residual astigmatism - ✔✔astigmatism remaining after the corneal astigmatism has
been neutralized
✔✔with-the-rule astigmatism - ✔✔condition in which the steepest corneal meridian is in
the vertical plane, an example of keratometer reading for a patient exhibiting this
condition would be:
K's: 42.00@180/45.00@90
, ✔✔atrophy - ✔✔wasting or decrease of tissue due to faulty nutrition or loss of verve
supply
✔✔back vertex power (BVP) - ✔✔when neutralizing a lens, the concave or the posterior
side of the lens in placed against the aperture of the lensometer
✔✔bedewing (Cornea) - ✔✔an edematous condition of the epithelium of the cornea
characterized by irregular reflecting from a multitude of droplets when the cornea is
viewed with the slit lamp
✔✔biconcave lens - ✔✔lens having a concave surface on both faces
✔✔biconvex lens - ✔✔lens having a convex surface on both faces
✔✔binocular vision - ✔✔ability to use the two eyes simultaneously to focus on the same
object and to fuse the two images into a single image that gives a correct interpretation
of its solidity and its position in space
✔✔blepharitis - ✔✔inflammation of the margins of the eyelids
✔✔blepharoconjunctivitis - ✔✔inflammation of the eyelids and conjunctiva
✔✔blepharoplasty - ✔✔plastic surgery of the eyelid
✔✔blepharoptisis - ✔✔drooping of the upper eyelid
✔✔blepharospasm - ✔✔excessive winking; tonic or clonic spasm of the orbicularis oculi
muscle
✔✔bulbar - ✔✔pertaining to the globe
✔✔buphthalmos - ✔✔enlargement of the eyeball, resulting usually from congenital
(infantile) glaucoma
✔✔cum correction (C, CC) - ✔✔"with correction" or wearing prescribed lenses
✔✔canaliculus - ✔✔Tubes (upper and lower) through which tears pass into the Lacrimal
Sac
✔✔canthus - ✔✔The angle at either end of the slit between the eyelids; the corner of
the eye.
✔✔cataract - ✔✔Clouding of the eye's lens; often congenital or age-related.
