Biology and Chemistry: Key
Concepts for Life Sciences
Save
Terms in this set (423)
Chapter 1 — Studying Life
Parts of the scientific Steps used to investigate phenomena, acquire
method knowledge, and test hypotheses.
A hypothesis proposing a specific relationship or
Alternative hypothesis
effect.
A hypothesis stating there is no relationship or
Null hypothesis
effect.
Independent variable The variable manipulated in an experiment.
, The variable measured or observed in an
Dependent variable
experiment.
Repeated trials; important for reliability and
Replicates
statistical accuracy.
Can you prove a No — you can only support or reject it based on
hypothesis? data.
Main parts of the Cell All living things are composed of cells; cells are the
Theory basic unit of life; cells come from pre-existing cells.
Inductive reasoning Specific observations → general conclusion.
Deductive reasoning General principle → specific prediction.
Qualitative Descriptions without numbers.
measurements
Quantitative Numerical measurements.
measurements
Observation, hypothesis, null hypothesis,
Identify parts of a independent variable, dependent variable,
scenario experimental group, control group, constants, data,
conclusions.
,Everyday meaning of Everyday: guess or idea; Scientific: well-supported
"theory" vs scientific explanation backed by evidence.
meaning
Three Domains Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya.
Classify an organism into Based on cell type, structure, and genetic traits.
a domain
Change in populations over time through genetic
Evolution
variation and natural selection.
Positive feedback Process that amplifies a change.
Process that counteracts a change to maintain
Negative feedback
stability.
Mechanism organisms use to maintain internal
Feedback system
conditions.
Biology Study of life.
Process by which organisms with favorable traits
Natural Selection
survive and reproduce.
Independent variable Factor changed by the experimenter.
Factor measured in response to the independent
Dependent variable
variable.
, Three differences Prokaryotes lack nucleus, lack membrane-bound
between prokaryotes organelles, are smaller; eukaryotes have all these.
and eukaryotes
Chapter 2 — Small
Molecules and Chemistry
of Life
Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Atom Smallest unit of matter.
Atomic number Number of protons.
Atomic mass Protons + neutrons.
Isotope Same element, different number of neutrons.
Octet rule Atoms want 8 electrons in outer shell.
Valence number Number of electrons available for bonding.
Electronegativity Ability of an atom to attract electrons.
Difference between Element = one type of atom; compound = atoms of
element and compound different elements bonded.
Parts of an atom Protons, neutrons, electrons.
Isotopes Atoms with different neutron counts.
Concepts for Life Sciences
Save
Terms in this set (423)
Chapter 1 — Studying Life
Parts of the scientific Steps used to investigate phenomena, acquire
method knowledge, and test hypotheses.
A hypothesis proposing a specific relationship or
Alternative hypothesis
effect.
A hypothesis stating there is no relationship or
Null hypothesis
effect.
Independent variable The variable manipulated in an experiment.
, The variable measured or observed in an
Dependent variable
experiment.
Repeated trials; important for reliability and
Replicates
statistical accuracy.
Can you prove a No — you can only support or reject it based on
hypothesis? data.
Main parts of the Cell All living things are composed of cells; cells are the
Theory basic unit of life; cells come from pre-existing cells.
Inductive reasoning Specific observations → general conclusion.
Deductive reasoning General principle → specific prediction.
Qualitative Descriptions without numbers.
measurements
Quantitative Numerical measurements.
measurements
Observation, hypothesis, null hypothesis,
Identify parts of a independent variable, dependent variable,
scenario experimental group, control group, constants, data,
conclusions.
,Everyday meaning of Everyday: guess or idea; Scientific: well-supported
"theory" vs scientific explanation backed by evidence.
meaning
Three Domains Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya.
Classify an organism into Based on cell type, structure, and genetic traits.
a domain
Change in populations over time through genetic
Evolution
variation and natural selection.
Positive feedback Process that amplifies a change.
Process that counteracts a change to maintain
Negative feedback
stability.
Mechanism organisms use to maintain internal
Feedback system
conditions.
Biology Study of life.
Process by which organisms with favorable traits
Natural Selection
survive and reproduce.
Independent variable Factor changed by the experimenter.
Factor measured in response to the independent
Dependent variable
variable.
, Three differences Prokaryotes lack nucleus, lack membrane-bound
between prokaryotes organelles, are smaller; eukaryotes have all these.
and eukaryotes
Chapter 2 — Small
Molecules and Chemistry
of Life
Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Atom Smallest unit of matter.
Atomic number Number of protons.
Atomic mass Protons + neutrons.
Isotope Same element, different number of neutrons.
Octet rule Atoms want 8 electrons in outer shell.
Valence number Number of electrons available for bonding.
Electronegativity Ability of an atom to attract electrons.
Difference between Element = one type of atom; compound = atoms of
element and compound different elements bonded.
Parts of an atom Protons, neutrons, electrons.
Isotopes Atoms with different neutron counts.
