ATI Peds Practice Exam 1 Questions
and Answers16
A nurse is caring for a school-age child who is receiving a blood transfusion. Which of the
following manifestations should alert the nurse to a possible hemolytic transfusion reaction? -
ANSWERS-Flank pain
Rationale: The nurse should recognize that flank pain is caused by the breakdown of RBCs and is
an indication of a hemolytic reaction to the blood transfusion.
A nurse is caring for a school-age child who is receiving cefazolin via intermittent IV bolus. The
child suddenly develops diffuse flushing of the skin and angioedema. After discontinuing the
medication infusion, which of the following medications should the nurse administer first? -
ANSWERS-Epinephrine
Rationale: This child is most likely experiencing an anaphylactic reaction to the cefazolin.
According to evidence-based practice, the nurse should first administer epinephrine to treat the
anaphylaxis. Epinephrine is a beta adrenergic agonist that stimulates the heart, causes
vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin and mucous membranes, and triggers
bronchodilation in the lungs.
A nurse is teaching the guardian of a 6-month-old infant about car seat use. Which of the
following statements by the guardian indicates an understanding of the teaching? - ANSWERS-"I
should secure the car seat using lower anchors and tethers instead of the seat belt."
Rationale: Lower anchors and tethers, or the LATCH child safety seat system, should be used to
secure an infant's car seat in the vehicle. This system provides anchors between the front
cushion and the back rest for the car seat. Therefore, if this system is available, the seat belt
does not have to be used.
,A nurse is planning care for a toddler who has a serum lead level of 4 mcg/dL. Which of the
following actions should the nurse plan to take? - ANSWERS-Schedule the toddler for a yearly
rescreening.
Rationale: The nurse should schedule the toddler for a lead level rescreening in 1 year and
educate the family on ways to prevent exposure.
A nurse is caring for a toddler who has spastic (pyramidal) cerebral palsy. Which of the following
findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWERS--Ankle clonus
-Exaggerated stretch reflexes
-Contractures
A nurse is assessing a school-age child immediately following a perforated appendix repair.
Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? - ANSWERS-Absence of peristalsis
Rationale: The nurse should expect absence of peristalsis immediately following a perforated
appendix repair, until the bowel resumes functioning.
A nurse is planning care for a school-age child who is in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury
(AKI) and has a sodium level of 129 mEq/L. Which of the following interventions should the
nurse include in the plan? - ANSWERS-Initiate seizure precautions for the child.
Rationale: A sodium level of 129 mEq/L indicates hyponatremia and places the child at
increased risk for neurological deficits and seizure activity. The nurse should complete a
neurologic assessment and implement seizure precautions to maintain the child's safety.
A nurse is teaching the parent of an infant who has a Pavlik harness for the treatment of
developmental dysplasia of the hip. The nurse should identify that which of the following
, statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching? - ANSWERS-"I will place
my infant's diapers under the harness straps."
Rationale: To prevent soiling of the harness, the parent should apply the infant's diaper under
the straps.
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a school-age child who is experiencing fatigue.
Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as an indication of anemia? -
ANSWERS-Hematocrit 28%
Rationale: The nurse should recognize that this hematocrit level is below the expected reference
range of 32% to 44% for a school-age child. The child can exhibit fatigue, lightheadedness,
tachycardia, dyspnea, and pallor due to the decreased oxygen-carrying capacity.
A nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child at a well-child visit. Which of the following developmental
milestones should the nurse expect to observe? - ANSWERS-Cuts an outlined shape using
scissors.
Rationale: The nurse should recognize that an expected developmental milestone of a 4-year-
old child is using scissors to cut out a shape.
A nurse is caring for a preschooler who is scheduled for hydrotherapy treatment for wound
debridement following a burn injury. Which of the following actions should the nurse take prior
to the procedure? - ANSWERS-Administer an analgesic to the child.
Rationale: Hydrotherapy for debridement of a wound is an extremely painful procedure which
requires analgesia and/or sedation. When pain is controlled, it leads to reduced physiological
demands on the body caused by stress and decreases the likelihood of children developing
depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.
and Answers16
A nurse is caring for a school-age child who is receiving a blood transfusion. Which of the
following manifestations should alert the nurse to a possible hemolytic transfusion reaction? -
ANSWERS-Flank pain
Rationale: The nurse should recognize that flank pain is caused by the breakdown of RBCs and is
an indication of a hemolytic reaction to the blood transfusion.
A nurse is caring for a school-age child who is receiving cefazolin via intermittent IV bolus. The
child suddenly develops diffuse flushing of the skin and angioedema. After discontinuing the
medication infusion, which of the following medications should the nurse administer first? -
ANSWERS-Epinephrine
Rationale: This child is most likely experiencing an anaphylactic reaction to the cefazolin.
According to evidence-based practice, the nurse should first administer epinephrine to treat the
anaphylaxis. Epinephrine is a beta adrenergic agonist that stimulates the heart, causes
vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin and mucous membranes, and triggers
bronchodilation in the lungs.
A nurse is teaching the guardian of a 6-month-old infant about car seat use. Which of the
following statements by the guardian indicates an understanding of the teaching? - ANSWERS-"I
should secure the car seat using lower anchors and tethers instead of the seat belt."
Rationale: Lower anchors and tethers, or the LATCH child safety seat system, should be used to
secure an infant's car seat in the vehicle. This system provides anchors between the front
cushion and the back rest for the car seat. Therefore, if this system is available, the seat belt
does not have to be used.
,A nurse is planning care for a toddler who has a serum lead level of 4 mcg/dL. Which of the
following actions should the nurse plan to take? - ANSWERS-Schedule the toddler for a yearly
rescreening.
Rationale: The nurse should schedule the toddler for a lead level rescreening in 1 year and
educate the family on ways to prevent exposure.
A nurse is caring for a toddler who has spastic (pyramidal) cerebral palsy. Which of the following
findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWERS--Ankle clonus
-Exaggerated stretch reflexes
-Contractures
A nurse is assessing a school-age child immediately following a perforated appendix repair.
Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? - ANSWERS-Absence of peristalsis
Rationale: The nurse should expect absence of peristalsis immediately following a perforated
appendix repair, until the bowel resumes functioning.
A nurse is planning care for a school-age child who is in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury
(AKI) and has a sodium level of 129 mEq/L. Which of the following interventions should the
nurse include in the plan? - ANSWERS-Initiate seizure precautions for the child.
Rationale: A sodium level of 129 mEq/L indicates hyponatremia and places the child at
increased risk for neurological deficits and seizure activity. The nurse should complete a
neurologic assessment and implement seizure precautions to maintain the child's safety.
A nurse is teaching the parent of an infant who has a Pavlik harness for the treatment of
developmental dysplasia of the hip. The nurse should identify that which of the following
, statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching? - ANSWERS-"I will place
my infant's diapers under the harness straps."
Rationale: To prevent soiling of the harness, the parent should apply the infant's diaper under
the straps.
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a school-age child who is experiencing fatigue.
Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as an indication of anemia? -
ANSWERS-Hematocrit 28%
Rationale: The nurse should recognize that this hematocrit level is below the expected reference
range of 32% to 44% for a school-age child. The child can exhibit fatigue, lightheadedness,
tachycardia, dyspnea, and pallor due to the decreased oxygen-carrying capacity.
A nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child at a well-child visit. Which of the following developmental
milestones should the nurse expect to observe? - ANSWERS-Cuts an outlined shape using
scissors.
Rationale: The nurse should recognize that an expected developmental milestone of a 4-year-
old child is using scissors to cut out a shape.
A nurse is caring for a preschooler who is scheduled for hydrotherapy treatment for wound
debridement following a burn injury. Which of the following actions should the nurse take prior
to the procedure? - ANSWERS-Administer an analgesic to the child.
Rationale: Hydrotherapy for debridement of a wound is an extremely painful procedure which
requires analgesia and/or sedation. When pain is controlled, it leads to reduced physiological
demands on the body caused by stress and decreases the likelihood of children developing
depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.
