ASU BIO 202 - Exam 3
1. Hormone Chemical messenger secreted into bloodstream, stimulates organs and/or tissues
to respond
2. Gap Junction pores in the cell membrane that allows chemical signaling between cells
3. Neurotransmit- released from neurons to travel across gap to second cell
ter
4. Paracrine (local) secreted into tissue fluids to impact nearby cells
Hormone
5. Endocrine - ductless
Glands - release hormones into tissue fluids
- have dense capillary networks to distribute hormones
- intracellular effects
- alter target cell metabolism
6. Exocrine Glands - carry secretion to the surface of the body or organ cavity
- extracellular effects (food digestion)
7. Nervous Com- - electrical impulses and neurotransmitters
munication - quickly adapts to stimuli
- local effects --> specific impact on target organs
8. Endocrine Com- - hormones in the blood
munication - adapts slowly to stimuli
- general effect --> widespread impacts on many organs
9. Neuroendocrine Neurons that secrete hormones into ECF
Cells
10. Hypothalamo-Hy- connects hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland
pophyseal Portal
System
, ASU BIO 202 - Exam 3
11. Hypothalamus - the "king"
- links nervous and endocrine systems
- all hormones released directly impact the pituitary gland
12. Hypothalamo-Hy- bundle of axons connecting the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) to the
pophyseal Tract hypothalamus
13. Pituitary Gland - aka hypophysis
- homeostasis
- Anterior and Posterior
14. Anterior Pituitary Adenohypophysis
- 3/4
- synthesizes and releases hormones
- release controlled by hypothalamus
15. Posterior Pitu- Neurohypophysis
itary - 1/4
- stores hormones produced in hypothalamus
16. Growth Stimuli: Very high GH levels, high calcium levels, high glucose levels
Hormone-Inhibit- Origin: HypothalamusTarget: Anterior Pituitary
ing Hormone Action: Inhibits release of GH
(GHIH) or Inhibition: Low levels of GH, exercise, deep sleep
Somatostatin
17. Prolactin-Releas- Stimuli: Low milk reserves, sexual gratification
ing Hormone Origin: Hypothalamus
(PRH) Target: Anterior Pituitary
Action: Causes release of PRL
Inhibition: High milk reserves, arousal
18.
, ASU BIO 202 - Exam 3
Adrenocorti- Stimuli: High levels of CRH
cotropic Origin: Anterior Pituitary
Hormone (ACTH) Target: Adrenal Cortex
Action: Release of Cortisol
Inhibition: Low levels of CRH
19. Follicle-Stimulat- Stimuli: High levels of GnRH
ing Hormone Origin: Anterior Pituitary
(FSH) Target: Testes or Ovaries
Action: Stimulates egg development or sperm production
Inhibition: Low levels of GnRH, high levels of Inhibin
20. Growth Hor- Stimuli: High levels of GHRH, low levels of GHIH
mone (GH) Origin: Anterior Pituitary
Target: Liver and MusclesAction: Increase use of fats, muscle uptake of glucose,
bone+muscle+cartilage cell growth
Inhibition: High levels of GHIH, low levels of GHRH
21. Oxytocin (OT) Stimuli: Uterine Stretching, Suckling, Sex/Romance
Origin: Posterior Pituitary (made in Hypothalamus)
Target: Uterus, Mammary Glands, Memory Center
Action: Stronger uterine contractions, milk ejection, "bonding"
Inhibition: Uterine wall stretching stops, no suckling, bad history
22. Antidiuretic Hor- Stimuli: Low BP or reduced plasma volume (high blood osmolarity)
mone (ADH) Origin: Posterior Pituitary
Target: Kidneys
Action: Cause water retention/increased water reabsorption in kidneys, moderate
vasoconstriction
Inhibition: High plasma volume, high BP, alcohol or caffeine
23. Calcitonin (CT) Stimuli: High Blood Ca^2+
Origin: Thyroid
1. Hormone Chemical messenger secreted into bloodstream, stimulates organs and/or tissues
to respond
2. Gap Junction pores in the cell membrane that allows chemical signaling between cells
3. Neurotransmit- released from neurons to travel across gap to second cell
ter
4. Paracrine (local) secreted into tissue fluids to impact nearby cells
Hormone
5. Endocrine - ductless
Glands - release hormones into tissue fluids
- have dense capillary networks to distribute hormones
- intracellular effects
- alter target cell metabolism
6. Exocrine Glands - carry secretion to the surface of the body or organ cavity
- extracellular effects (food digestion)
7. Nervous Com- - electrical impulses and neurotransmitters
munication - quickly adapts to stimuli
- local effects --> specific impact on target organs
8. Endocrine Com- - hormones in the blood
munication - adapts slowly to stimuli
- general effect --> widespread impacts on many organs
9. Neuroendocrine Neurons that secrete hormones into ECF
Cells
10. Hypothalamo-Hy- connects hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland
pophyseal Portal
System
, ASU BIO 202 - Exam 3
11. Hypothalamus - the "king"
- links nervous and endocrine systems
- all hormones released directly impact the pituitary gland
12. Hypothalamo-Hy- bundle of axons connecting the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) to the
pophyseal Tract hypothalamus
13. Pituitary Gland - aka hypophysis
- homeostasis
- Anterior and Posterior
14. Anterior Pituitary Adenohypophysis
- 3/4
- synthesizes and releases hormones
- release controlled by hypothalamus
15. Posterior Pitu- Neurohypophysis
itary - 1/4
- stores hormones produced in hypothalamus
16. Growth Stimuli: Very high GH levels, high calcium levels, high glucose levels
Hormone-Inhibit- Origin: HypothalamusTarget: Anterior Pituitary
ing Hormone Action: Inhibits release of GH
(GHIH) or Inhibition: Low levels of GH, exercise, deep sleep
Somatostatin
17. Prolactin-Releas- Stimuli: Low milk reserves, sexual gratification
ing Hormone Origin: Hypothalamus
(PRH) Target: Anterior Pituitary
Action: Causes release of PRL
Inhibition: High milk reserves, arousal
18.
, ASU BIO 202 - Exam 3
Adrenocorti- Stimuli: High levels of CRH
cotropic Origin: Anterior Pituitary
Hormone (ACTH) Target: Adrenal Cortex
Action: Release of Cortisol
Inhibition: Low levels of CRH
19. Follicle-Stimulat- Stimuli: High levels of GnRH
ing Hormone Origin: Anterior Pituitary
(FSH) Target: Testes or Ovaries
Action: Stimulates egg development or sperm production
Inhibition: Low levels of GnRH, high levels of Inhibin
20. Growth Hor- Stimuli: High levels of GHRH, low levels of GHIH
mone (GH) Origin: Anterior Pituitary
Target: Liver and MusclesAction: Increase use of fats, muscle uptake of glucose,
bone+muscle+cartilage cell growth
Inhibition: High levels of GHIH, low levels of GHRH
21. Oxytocin (OT) Stimuli: Uterine Stretching, Suckling, Sex/Romance
Origin: Posterior Pituitary (made in Hypothalamus)
Target: Uterus, Mammary Glands, Memory Center
Action: Stronger uterine contractions, milk ejection, "bonding"
Inhibition: Uterine wall stretching stops, no suckling, bad history
22. Antidiuretic Hor- Stimuli: Low BP or reduced plasma volume (high blood osmolarity)
mone (ADH) Origin: Posterior Pituitary
Target: Kidneys
Action: Cause water retention/increased water reabsorption in kidneys, moderate
vasoconstriction
Inhibition: High plasma volume, high BP, alcohol or caffeine
23. Calcitonin (CT) Stimuli: High Blood Ca^2+
Origin: Thyroid
