WESTERN CIVILIZATION CLEP II TEST EXAM ALL
SUBJECTS INCLUDED/VERIFIED!!
Blaise Pascal - answer-French mathematician who invented
CALCULUS, devised a theory of chance and probability.
Wrote the "Pensees." Argued that religion and science are
both true. PASCAL's WAGER said that It is worth the risk
believing in God.
Gottfried Leibniz - answer-Developed CALCULUS
dependently and at the same time as Pascal.
Charles Montesquieu - answer-Wrote "THE SPIRIT OF
THE LAWS", advocated separation of powers with the
three BRANCHES of legislative, judicial, and executive,
plus checks and balances.
Thirty Year's War - answer-a religious war between the
Catholics and Protestants, which resulted in the political
restructuring of Europe and the development of nation
states - the Dutch Republic, the Swiss Confederacy, the
Austro-Hungarian Empire; granted religious freedom in
many parts of Europe and encouraged the secularization of
government. Ended with the TREATY OF WESTPHALIA.
,Bradenburg-Prussia - answer-First ruled by the Great
Elector, Frederick William. Formed after Thirty Year's
War. Prussia's nobles, JUNKERS, were given exemption
from taxes to give loyalty to the Fredericks. Built an
enormous army. Would become Germany.
Austro-Hungarian Empire - answer-Large Empire ruled by
Habsburgs. Created after Thirty Year's War. Unstable due
to ethnic, linguistic, cultural and political differences in
it's people. Sided with Germany during WWI. It split up
following the end of the war.
Absolutism - answer-a form of government in which the
ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a
constitution or laws or opposition etc.)
Secularization - answer-the process by which religious
beliefs, practices, and institutions lose their significance in
sectors of society and culture.
Bishop Bossuet - answer-Tutor of Louis XIV who taught
about the DIVINE RIGHT of the monarchy, which helped
secure Louis' ideal of absolute monarchy. Conservative.
Wrote "Politics Drawn from the Very Words of
Scripture."
,John Locke - answer-English philosopher who advocated
the idea of a "social contract" in which government
powers are derived from the consent of the governed and
in which the government serves the people; also said
people have natural rights to LIFE, LIBERTY AND
PROPERTY.
Louis XIV - answer-The French King who built the palace
at Versailles, The longest standing King of France "SUN
KING",, One of the most powerful monarchs of Europe,
ruling 72 years. He was famous for his quote,"I AM THE
STATE." Executed by furious revolutionaries.
Edict of Nantes - answer-1598 - Granted the Huguenots
liberty of worship. Revoked by Louis XIV in 1658. He
chased the HUGUENOTS out of the country.
Petition of Rights - answer-Limited the power of Charles I
of England. a) could not declare martial law; b) could not
collect taxes; c) could not imprison people without cause;
d) soldiers could not be housed without consent. First
Parliamentary limit on the power of a king.
English Civil War - answer-Civil war in England between
the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I.
Forces of Parliament called "ROUNDHEADS". Forces of
, the King called "CAVALIERS". Roundheads won, Puritans
(Cromwell's religion) purged Presbyterians from
Parliament. New RUMP PARLIAMENT destroyed
monarchy and executed Charles I
Oliver Cromwell - answer-PURITAN Leader of the
Roundheads (parliamentarians) in the English Civil War.
He was declared "protector" of England, Ireland, and
Scotland (like a king). After his death, the monarchy was
restored.
The Glorious Revolution - answer-The English Parliament
drove out an Catholic absolute monarch and replaced him
with two constitutional monarch's WILLIAM III OF
ORANGE and MARY, his wife, both Protestants. This
Revolution was bloodless, and the new monarch's assented
to a BILL OF RIGHTS.
Dutch Republic - answer-REPUBLICAN form of
government. United Provinces of the Netherlands; tolerant
of all religions. 1st half of 17th century was golden age-
govt. consisted of organized confederation of 7 provinces
each w/ rep. govt. It established the Bank of Amsterdam
and became the LEADING FINANCIAL CENTER on the
Continent, as well as maritime, trading, and colonization
leader.
SUBJECTS INCLUDED/VERIFIED!!
Blaise Pascal - answer-French mathematician who invented
CALCULUS, devised a theory of chance and probability.
Wrote the "Pensees." Argued that religion and science are
both true. PASCAL's WAGER said that It is worth the risk
believing in God.
Gottfried Leibniz - answer-Developed CALCULUS
dependently and at the same time as Pascal.
Charles Montesquieu - answer-Wrote "THE SPIRIT OF
THE LAWS", advocated separation of powers with the
three BRANCHES of legislative, judicial, and executive,
plus checks and balances.
Thirty Year's War - answer-a religious war between the
Catholics and Protestants, which resulted in the political
restructuring of Europe and the development of nation
states - the Dutch Republic, the Swiss Confederacy, the
Austro-Hungarian Empire; granted religious freedom in
many parts of Europe and encouraged the secularization of
government. Ended with the TREATY OF WESTPHALIA.
,Bradenburg-Prussia - answer-First ruled by the Great
Elector, Frederick William. Formed after Thirty Year's
War. Prussia's nobles, JUNKERS, were given exemption
from taxes to give loyalty to the Fredericks. Built an
enormous army. Would become Germany.
Austro-Hungarian Empire - answer-Large Empire ruled by
Habsburgs. Created after Thirty Year's War. Unstable due
to ethnic, linguistic, cultural and political differences in
it's people. Sided with Germany during WWI. It split up
following the end of the war.
Absolutism - answer-a form of government in which the
ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a
constitution or laws or opposition etc.)
Secularization - answer-the process by which religious
beliefs, practices, and institutions lose their significance in
sectors of society and culture.
Bishop Bossuet - answer-Tutor of Louis XIV who taught
about the DIVINE RIGHT of the monarchy, which helped
secure Louis' ideal of absolute monarchy. Conservative.
Wrote "Politics Drawn from the Very Words of
Scripture."
,John Locke - answer-English philosopher who advocated
the idea of a "social contract" in which government
powers are derived from the consent of the governed and
in which the government serves the people; also said
people have natural rights to LIFE, LIBERTY AND
PROPERTY.
Louis XIV - answer-The French King who built the palace
at Versailles, The longest standing King of France "SUN
KING",, One of the most powerful monarchs of Europe,
ruling 72 years. He was famous for his quote,"I AM THE
STATE." Executed by furious revolutionaries.
Edict of Nantes - answer-1598 - Granted the Huguenots
liberty of worship. Revoked by Louis XIV in 1658. He
chased the HUGUENOTS out of the country.
Petition of Rights - answer-Limited the power of Charles I
of England. a) could not declare martial law; b) could not
collect taxes; c) could not imprison people without cause;
d) soldiers could not be housed without consent. First
Parliamentary limit on the power of a king.
English Civil War - answer-Civil war in England between
the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I.
Forces of Parliament called "ROUNDHEADS". Forces of
, the King called "CAVALIERS". Roundheads won, Puritans
(Cromwell's religion) purged Presbyterians from
Parliament. New RUMP PARLIAMENT destroyed
monarchy and executed Charles I
Oliver Cromwell - answer-PURITAN Leader of the
Roundheads (parliamentarians) in the English Civil War.
He was declared "protector" of England, Ireland, and
Scotland (like a king). After his death, the monarchy was
restored.
The Glorious Revolution - answer-The English Parliament
drove out an Catholic absolute monarch and replaced him
with two constitutional monarch's WILLIAM III OF
ORANGE and MARY, his wife, both Protestants. This
Revolution was bloodless, and the new monarch's assented
to a BILL OF RIGHTS.
Dutch Republic - answer-REPUBLICAN form of
government. United Provinces of the Netherlands; tolerant
of all religions. 1st half of 17th century was golden age-
govt. consisted of organized confederation of 7 provinces
each w/ rep. govt. It established the Bank of Amsterdam
and became the LEADING FINANCIAL CENTER on the
Continent, as well as maritime, trading, and colonization
leader.
