OB Midterm EXAM (2025) UPDATE Verified Questions And Answers
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How does progesterone, known as the pregnancy hormone, maintain pregnancy? - ✔✔By
suppressing uterine contractions
Why would a woman need to go on progesterone therapy during pregnancy? - ✔✔If they
are at risk for miscarrying
What hormone increases the sensitivity of the respiratory center receptors due to increased
respiratory demand during pregnancy? - ✔✔Progesterone
What is uterine growth in pregnancy due to? - ✔✔Increase in estrogen and progesterone
What is breathing like in pregnancy? - ✔✔More thoracic than it is abdominal
What can pregnant women experience due to the pressure of the uterus on the diaphragm?
- ✔✔States of mild hyperventilation
What change in the blood in pregnancy causes mild respiratory alkalosis? - ✔✔The slight
increase in blood pH
What GI changes in the third trimester can cause heartburn, constipation, hemorrhoids, and
flatulence? - ✔✔Decreased stomach emptying and increased gastric acid
What is the nausea and vomiting that 70% of women experience in the first trimester due
to? - ✔✔Secretion of HCG
What is ptyalism? What is it due to? - ✔✔Excessive salivation due to an increase in estrogen
When does the uterus go from being a pelvic organ to being an abdominal organ? -
✔✔After about the 12th week
,What are increased frequency and urgency in pregnancy due to? - ✔✔Pressure being put on
the bladder by the growing uterus
UTIs in pregnant women may mimic signs of what? - ✔✔Premature labor
What is chloasma? - ✔✔"mask of pregnancy" blotchy, brown hyperpigmentation that fades
after delivery
What is linea nigra? - ✔✔Pigmented line that runs from the symphysis pubis to the top of
the fundus
During pregnancy, the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland enlarges and produces what? -
✔✔Prolactin, a hormone needed for lactation
During pregnancy, the posterior pituitary gland produces what? - ✔✔Oxytocin, a hormone
that produces contractions
What may be heard over the left sternal border in a pregnant woman? - ✔✔Systolic
murmur
What 3 cardiovascular components increase during pregnancy to compensate for any
potential blood loss that may occur during birth and postpartum? - ✔✔Blood volume,
plasma volume, and clotting factors
What percentage does blood volume increase by during pregnancy? When does it peak? -
✔✔40-50%; 28-34 weeks
What occurs at the placental level? - ✔✔Fetal nourishment, gas exchange, and removal of
metabolic wastes
,What percentage does plasma volume increase by during pregnancy? In what case does it
increase even more? - ✔✔40-60%; multifetal pregnancies
What percentage do RBC increase by during pregnancy? What does this increase depend
on? - ✔✔20-30%; the woman's iron storage
An increase in plasma volume that is greater than RBC production causes dilution of RBC
leading to what condition in pregnant women? - ✔✔Physiologic anemia
What HGB and HCT level is considered anemia? - ✔✔HGB: < 11
HCT: < 33%
What do WBC increase by during pregnancy? - ✔✔5-15k cells/mm
When does WBC count return to prepregnant levels? - ✔✔By the 4th week postpartum
Because pregnancy is a hypercoagulable state, pregnant women are at increased risk for
what? - ✔✔Thromboembolitic disease
An increase in plasma volume that is greater than RBC production causes a decrease in
platelets leading to what condition in pregnant women? - ✔✔Gestational
thrombocytopenia
Platelet levels in pregnancy should not be below what? - ✔✔< 150k
What percentage does cardiac output increase by during pregnancy? When does it peak? -
✔✔30-50%; 25-30 weeks
When does cardiac output decline to approximately 20%? - ✔✔By 40 weeks
By 32 weeks until term, what does heart rate increase by? - ✔✔15-20 beats/min
, When does diastolic blood pressure start to decrease by 10-20 mmHg? - ✔✔In the first
trimester
Blood pressure is highest in what position during pregnancy? - ✔✔Sitting
Blood pressure is lowest in what position during pregnancy? - ✔✔Recumbent
Supine hypotension is due to what? - ✔✔The compression of the vena cava when supine
Due to the possibility of supine hypotension, pregnant women should not what? - ✔✔Lay
flat on their backs
How do you treat supine hypotension? - ✔✔Turning the pregnant woman to the left side
until symptoms resolve
What 2 hormones cause relaxation and increased mobility of pelvic joints, permitting
enlargement of pelvic dimensions during pregnancy? - ✔✔Relaxin and progesterone
What are presumptive signs of pregnancy? What are some examples? - ✔✔The subjective
signs and symptoms the woman experiences
Amenorrhea, breast tenderness, fatigue, urinary frequency, nausea and vomiting,
quickening
What are probable signs of pregnancy? What are some examples? - ✔✔Signs observed by
the examiner
Positive pregnancy test, Hedgar sign, Chadwick sign, Goodell sign, ballottement, uterine
souffle, Braxton Hicks contractions
| With 100% Correct Answers graded A+ Guaranteed Success!!
How does progesterone, known as the pregnancy hormone, maintain pregnancy? - ✔✔By
suppressing uterine contractions
Why would a woman need to go on progesterone therapy during pregnancy? - ✔✔If they
are at risk for miscarrying
What hormone increases the sensitivity of the respiratory center receptors due to increased
respiratory demand during pregnancy? - ✔✔Progesterone
What is uterine growth in pregnancy due to? - ✔✔Increase in estrogen and progesterone
What is breathing like in pregnancy? - ✔✔More thoracic than it is abdominal
What can pregnant women experience due to the pressure of the uterus on the diaphragm?
- ✔✔States of mild hyperventilation
What change in the blood in pregnancy causes mild respiratory alkalosis? - ✔✔The slight
increase in blood pH
What GI changes in the third trimester can cause heartburn, constipation, hemorrhoids, and
flatulence? - ✔✔Decreased stomach emptying and increased gastric acid
What is the nausea and vomiting that 70% of women experience in the first trimester due
to? - ✔✔Secretion of HCG
What is ptyalism? What is it due to? - ✔✔Excessive salivation due to an increase in estrogen
When does the uterus go from being a pelvic organ to being an abdominal organ? -
✔✔After about the 12th week
,What are increased frequency and urgency in pregnancy due to? - ✔✔Pressure being put on
the bladder by the growing uterus
UTIs in pregnant women may mimic signs of what? - ✔✔Premature labor
What is chloasma? - ✔✔"mask of pregnancy" blotchy, brown hyperpigmentation that fades
after delivery
What is linea nigra? - ✔✔Pigmented line that runs from the symphysis pubis to the top of
the fundus
During pregnancy, the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland enlarges and produces what? -
✔✔Prolactin, a hormone needed for lactation
During pregnancy, the posterior pituitary gland produces what? - ✔✔Oxytocin, a hormone
that produces contractions
What may be heard over the left sternal border in a pregnant woman? - ✔✔Systolic
murmur
What 3 cardiovascular components increase during pregnancy to compensate for any
potential blood loss that may occur during birth and postpartum? - ✔✔Blood volume,
plasma volume, and clotting factors
What percentage does blood volume increase by during pregnancy? When does it peak? -
✔✔40-50%; 28-34 weeks
What occurs at the placental level? - ✔✔Fetal nourishment, gas exchange, and removal of
metabolic wastes
,What percentage does plasma volume increase by during pregnancy? In what case does it
increase even more? - ✔✔40-60%; multifetal pregnancies
What percentage do RBC increase by during pregnancy? What does this increase depend
on? - ✔✔20-30%; the woman's iron storage
An increase in plasma volume that is greater than RBC production causes dilution of RBC
leading to what condition in pregnant women? - ✔✔Physiologic anemia
What HGB and HCT level is considered anemia? - ✔✔HGB: < 11
HCT: < 33%
What do WBC increase by during pregnancy? - ✔✔5-15k cells/mm
When does WBC count return to prepregnant levels? - ✔✔By the 4th week postpartum
Because pregnancy is a hypercoagulable state, pregnant women are at increased risk for
what? - ✔✔Thromboembolitic disease
An increase in plasma volume that is greater than RBC production causes a decrease in
platelets leading to what condition in pregnant women? - ✔✔Gestational
thrombocytopenia
Platelet levels in pregnancy should not be below what? - ✔✔< 150k
What percentage does cardiac output increase by during pregnancy? When does it peak? -
✔✔30-50%; 25-30 weeks
When does cardiac output decline to approximately 20%? - ✔✔By 40 weeks
By 32 weeks until term, what does heart rate increase by? - ✔✔15-20 beats/min
, When does diastolic blood pressure start to decrease by 10-20 mmHg? - ✔✔In the first
trimester
Blood pressure is highest in what position during pregnancy? - ✔✔Sitting
Blood pressure is lowest in what position during pregnancy? - ✔✔Recumbent
Supine hypotension is due to what? - ✔✔The compression of the vena cava when supine
Due to the possibility of supine hypotension, pregnant women should not what? - ✔✔Lay
flat on their backs
How do you treat supine hypotension? - ✔✔Turning the pregnant woman to the left side
until symptoms resolve
What 2 hormones cause relaxation and increased mobility of pelvic joints, permitting
enlargement of pelvic dimensions during pregnancy? - ✔✔Relaxin and progesterone
What are presumptive signs of pregnancy? What are some examples? - ✔✔The subjective
signs and symptoms the woman experiences
Amenorrhea, breast tenderness, fatigue, urinary frequency, nausea and vomiting,
quickening
What are probable signs of pregnancy? What are some examples? - ✔✔Signs observed by
the examiner
Positive pregnancy test, Hedgar sign, Chadwick sign, Goodell sign, ballottement, uterine
souffle, Braxton Hicks contractions
