N4581 - Exam 2 (Complex Needs -
Reid) Latest Test Questions All
Answered Correct 2025-2026 Updated.
_____ is an amino acid which contributes to atherosclerosis. This is a _______ (modifiable/non-
modifiable) risk for _______. - Answer homocysteine
modifiable
coronary artery disease
What are the preferred values for the following;
HDL
LDL
total cholesterol
triglycerides - Answer HDL > 50 (Healthy cholesterol)
LDL < 100 (Lousy cholesterol)
total < 200
triglycerides < 150
What diagnostic screening measures ejection fraction?
What is normal EF? - Answer ECHO (ultrasound of heart)
normal EF: 50-65%
What diagnostic screening measures tolerance of ADLs? - Answer 6-minute walk test
Coronary angiogram aka __________ - Answer cardiac catheterization
Cardiac cath aka ________ gives info on (3) - Answer aka coronary angiogram
patency of coronary arteries (heart arteries, not other vessels)
O2 levels
chamber pressures
*uses contrast so no iodine allergies!
,Which diagnostic screening requires NPO status? For how long?
What type of sedation is used?
What drugs are expected with this sedation? - Answer cardiac cath aka coronary angiogram
6-12 hours prior to px
conscious sedation
versed and fentanyl
What type of sedation is used for cardia cath? - Answer conscious sedation
uses versed and fentanyl
Pre-op care for cardiac cath (3) - Answer pre-op: assess pulses, color, & sensation of
extremities
Post-op care for cardiac cath - Answer VS done q15m x4, q30m x2, q1h x2
check extremities: pulses, color, sensation, temp
assess puncture site for bleeding & hematoma
assess breathing
How often are VS checked post cardiac cath? - Answer q15m x4
q30m x2
q1h x2
What is the most common complication associated with a cardiac cath? - Answer bleeding and
hematoma of insertion site
What are the types of angina? Describe each (5) - Answer stable: predictable & consistent,
increases with effort, relieved by nitro
unstable: increase in frequency & severity, may not be relieve by nitro
intractable/refractory: severe, debilitating pain
variant: pain at rest with reversed ST caused by vasospasm
silent: evidence of ischemia but no pain
, Does pain occur at rest? - Answer pain lasts ~3-5 minutes
rarely pain at rest
Does infarct occur with chronic stable angina? - Answer NO! only transient ischemia
Precipitating factors for stable angina (5) - Answer exercise
temperature extremes
heavy meals
smoking
emotional upset (stress)
When should someone with chronic stable angina seek immediate medical help? - Answer ∆
in pain
worsening pattern
occurs at rest/sleep
In order of use, what can be prescribed for angina treatment? - Answer *think of ABCD*
nitroglycerin
ACE inhibitors ("-il") [accupril, enalapril]
β blocker ("-lol")
Ca⁺ channel blockers ("-pine")
Dietary ∆s and statins
MOA of nitroglycerin - Answer dilates coronary arteries ∴ ↑O2 to heart
MOA of enalapril - Answer ACE inhibitor!
inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to angio II leading to:
1) ∴ ↓vasoconstriction of peripheral vessels & ↓BP
2) ∴ no creation of aldosterone which would hold onto Na⁺ and also H₂O ∴ ↓BP again
Systemically lowering BP does what to afterload?
Reid) Latest Test Questions All
Answered Correct 2025-2026 Updated.
_____ is an amino acid which contributes to atherosclerosis. This is a _______ (modifiable/non-
modifiable) risk for _______. - Answer homocysteine
modifiable
coronary artery disease
What are the preferred values for the following;
HDL
LDL
total cholesterol
triglycerides - Answer HDL > 50 (Healthy cholesterol)
LDL < 100 (Lousy cholesterol)
total < 200
triglycerides < 150
What diagnostic screening measures ejection fraction?
What is normal EF? - Answer ECHO (ultrasound of heart)
normal EF: 50-65%
What diagnostic screening measures tolerance of ADLs? - Answer 6-minute walk test
Coronary angiogram aka __________ - Answer cardiac catheterization
Cardiac cath aka ________ gives info on (3) - Answer aka coronary angiogram
patency of coronary arteries (heart arteries, not other vessels)
O2 levels
chamber pressures
*uses contrast so no iodine allergies!
,Which diagnostic screening requires NPO status? For how long?
What type of sedation is used?
What drugs are expected with this sedation? - Answer cardiac cath aka coronary angiogram
6-12 hours prior to px
conscious sedation
versed and fentanyl
What type of sedation is used for cardia cath? - Answer conscious sedation
uses versed and fentanyl
Pre-op care for cardiac cath (3) - Answer pre-op: assess pulses, color, & sensation of
extremities
Post-op care for cardiac cath - Answer VS done q15m x4, q30m x2, q1h x2
check extremities: pulses, color, sensation, temp
assess puncture site for bleeding & hematoma
assess breathing
How often are VS checked post cardiac cath? - Answer q15m x4
q30m x2
q1h x2
What is the most common complication associated with a cardiac cath? - Answer bleeding and
hematoma of insertion site
What are the types of angina? Describe each (5) - Answer stable: predictable & consistent,
increases with effort, relieved by nitro
unstable: increase in frequency & severity, may not be relieve by nitro
intractable/refractory: severe, debilitating pain
variant: pain at rest with reversed ST caused by vasospasm
silent: evidence of ischemia but no pain
, Does pain occur at rest? - Answer pain lasts ~3-5 minutes
rarely pain at rest
Does infarct occur with chronic stable angina? - Answer NO! only transient ischemia
Precipitating factors for stable angina (5) - Answer exercise
temperature extremes
heavy meals
smoking
emotional upset (stress)
When should someone with chronic stable angina seek immediate medical help? - Answer ∆
in pain
worsening pattern
occurs at rest/sleep
In order of use, what can be prescribed for angina treatment? - Answer *think of ABCD*
nitroglycerin
ACE inhibitors ("-il") [accupril, enalapril]
β blocker ("-lol")
Ca⁺ channel blockers ("-pine")
Dietary ∆s and statins
MOA of nitroglycerin - Answer dilates coronary arteries ∴ ↑O2 to heart
MOA of enalapril - Answer ACE inhibitor!
inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to angio II leading to:
1) ∴ ↓vasoconstriction of peripheral vessels & ↓BP
2) ∴ no creation of aldosterone which would hold onto Na⁺ and also H₂O ∴ ↓BP again
Systemically lowering BP does what to afterload?
