BIO 431 - Exam 3 Questions and
Answers
What are the steps related to oogenesis and ovulation during the menstrual cycle? -
ANSWER-• Menstruation phase starts, oocyte and follicle develop.
- Developing follicle stimulates estradiol production
→ Estradiol stimulates LH and FSH production → LH surges
• Menstrual phase overlaps with part of follicular phase
- Mature follicles produce inhibin
→ Inhibin represses FSH production
• Ovulation occurs just after peak of estradiol level and occurs at peak of LH and
FSH levels
• Corpus Luteum increases progesterone production
→ Progesterone inhibits LH and FSH production → Estrodiol decreases
• Corpus Luterum degenerates if there is no implantation → Progesterone
decreases.
• The cycle repeats.
What are changes of hormone levels during the menstrual cycle? - ANSWER-•
Estrogen increases during the first half of the cycle.
• Developing follicles produce estradiol
→ Estradiol stimulates LH and FSH production → LH surges
• Mature follicles produce inhibin
→ Inhibin represses FSH production
• Corpus Luteum increases progesterone production
→ Progesterone inhibits LH and FSH production → Estradiol decreases
• Corpus Luterum degenerates if there is no implantation → Progesterone
decreases.
What are the four phases of the menstrual cycle and corresponding endometrial
histological characteristics? Which phase is suitable for implantation? - ANSWER-•
Four phases: Menstruation, Follicular, Ovulation and Luteal.
• Phase suitable for implantation: Ovulation.
What is the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer? - ANSWER-•HPV can
causes changes to cells in the cervix. These changes can lead to cancer.
What are the factors affecting human health, including the types of
mutations/changes in DNA? - ANSWER-• Genetic variations such as mutation,
structural variation and recombination.
• Environmental factors that can stimulate genetic variations
• Combination of genetic & environmental factors that can result in human
phenotypic variations such as human diseases.
Answers
What are the steps related to oogenesis and ovulation during the menstrual cycle? -
ANSWER-• Menstruation phase starts, oocyte and follicle develop.
- Developing follicle stimulates estradiol production
→ Estradiol stimulates LH and FSH production → LH surges
• Menstrual phase overlaps with part of follicular phase
- Mature follicles produce inhibin
→ Inhibin represses FSH production
• Ovulation occurs just after peak of estradiol level and occurs at peak of LH and
FSH levels
• Corpus Luteum increases progesterone production
→ Progesterone inhibits LH and FSH production → Estrodiol decreases
• Corpus Luterum degenerates if there is no implantation → Progesterone
decreases.
• The cycle repeats.
What are changes of hormone levels during the menstrual cycle? - ANSWER-•
Estrogen increases during the first half of the cycle.
• Developing follicles produce estradiol
→ Estradiol stimulates LH and FSH production → LH surges
• Mature follicles produce inhibin
→ Inhibin represses FSH production
• Corpus Luteum increases progesterone production
→ Progesterone inhibits LH and FSH production → Estradiol decreases
• Corpus Luterum degenerates if there is no implantation → Progesterone
decreases.
What are the four phases of the menstrual cycle and corresponding endometrial
histological characteristics? Which phase is suitable for implantation? - ANSWER-•
Four phases: Menstruation, Follicular, Ovulation and Luteal.
• Phase suitable for implantation: Ovulation.
What is the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer? - ANSWER-•HPV can
causes changes to cells in the cervix. These changes can lead to cancer.
What are the factors affecting human health, including the types of
mutations/changes in DNA? - ANSWER-• Genetic variations such as mutation,
structural variation and recombination.
• Environmental factors that can stimulate genetic variations
• Combination of genetic & environmental factors that can result in human
phenotypic variations such as human diseases.
