FTCE NAVAED ESE K-12 EXAMINATION
TEST 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ IDEA. Answer: Individuals with Disabilities Act. Requires states to
provide free, appropriate public education for all students with
disabilities who participate in special education. The four main challenge
areas: learning, social/emotional, motor skills, and communication. The
basic source of law for special education. Represents the latest phase in
the philosophy of educating children with disabilities
⩥ *Brown v. Board of Education, 1954. Answer: Topeka, Kansas.
Addressed the inequality of "separate but equal" facilities on the basis of
race. School segregation became illegal.
⩥ *Diana v. The State Board of Education, 1970. Answer: This case
resulted in the decision that all children must be tested in their native
language
⩥ Wyatt v. Stickney, 1971. Answer: Established the right to adequate
treatment (education) for institutionalized persons with mental
retardation
⩥ *Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC) v.
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1972. Answer: The first right to
,education lawsuit. Laid the foundation for the right to education for all
children with disabilities previously denied if they had not attained a
mental age of 5 by the start of first grade. Special Education was
guaranteed to children with mental retardation. The victory in this case
sparked other court cases for children with other disabilities.
⩥ *Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia, 1972.
Answer: The right to special education was extended to all children with
disabilities, not just mentally retarded children. Judgements in PARC
and Mills paved the way for P.L. 94-142. Students with disabilities must
be given education regardless of the schools' financial limitations.
⩥ Public Law 93-112 (Rehabilitation Amendments of 1973). Answer:
The first comprehensive federal statute to address specifically the rights
of disabled youth. It prohibited illegal discrimination in education,
employment, or housing on the basis of a disability.
⩥ Section 504, Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Answer: Section 504 expands
on older law by extending its protection to other areas that receive
federal assistance, such as education. Protected individuals must (a) have
a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more
major life activities, such as self-care, walking, seeing, breathing,
working, or learning; (b) have a record of such an impairment; or (c) be
regarded as having such an impairment. A disability in itself is not
sufficient grounds for a complaint of discrimination. The person must be
otherwise qualified, or able to meet, the requirements of the program in
question.
,⩥ Public Law 93-380 (Education Amendments of 1974). Answer:
P.L.94-142 is the funding portion of this act. It required states to provide
full educational opportunities for children with disabilities. It addressed
identification, fair evaluation, alternative placements, due process
procedures, and free, appropriate public education.
⩥ Public Law 94-142 Education for all Handicapped Children Act),
1975. Answer: Provided for a free, appropriate public education for all
children with disabilities, defined special education and related services,
and imposed rigid guidelines on the provisions of those services. It
paralleled the provision for a free and appropriate public education in
section 504 of Public Law 94-142 and extended these services to
preschool children with disabilities (ages 3-5) through provisions to
preschool incentive grants.
⩥ Seven fundamental provisions of IDEA. Answer: 1. Free Appropriate
Public Education (FAPE)
2. Notification and procedural rights for parents.
3. Identification and services to all children
4. Necessary related services.
5. Individualized assessments
6. Individualized Education Plans (IEP's)
7. Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
, ⩥ Goss v. Lopez, 1975. Answer: This case ruled that the state could not
deny a student education without following due process. While this
decision is not based on a special education issue, the process of school
suspension and expulsion is obviously critical in assuring an appropriate
public education to children with disabilities.
⩥ Public Law 95-56 (Gifted and Talented Children's Act), 1978.
Answer: This case defined the gifted and talented population, and
focused upon this exceptionally category, which was not included in
Public Law 94-142
⩥ *Larry P. V. Riles, 1979. Answer: This case ordered the reevaluation
of black students enrolled in classes for educable mental retardation
(EMR) and enjoined the California State Department of Education from
the use of intelligible tests in subsequent EMR placement decisions.
⩥ Parents in Action on Special Education (PASE) v. Hannon, 1980.
Answer: Ruled that IQ tests are necessarily biased against ethnic and
racial subcultures.
⩥ Board of Education v. Rowley, 1982. Answer: Amy Rowley was a
deaf elementary school student whose parents rejected their school
district's proposal to provide a tutor and speech therapist services to
supplement their daughter's instruction in the regular classroom. Her
parents insisted on an interpreter even though Amy was making
satisfactory social, academic, and educational progress without one. In
deciding in favor of the school district, the Supreme Court ruled that
TEST 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ IDEA. Answer: Individuals with Disabilities Act. Requires states to
provide free, appropriate public education for all students with
disabilities who participate in special education. The four main challenge
areas: learning, social/emotional, motor skills, and communication. The
basic source of law for special education. Represents the latest phase in
the philosophy of educating children with disabilities
⩥ *Brown v. Board of Education, 1954. Answer: Topeka, Kansas.
Addressed the inequality of "separate but equal" facilities on the basis of
race. School segregation became illegal.
⩥ *Diana v. The State Board of Education, 1970. Answer: This case
resulted in the decision that all children must be tested in their native
language
⩥ Wyatt v. Stickney, 1971. Answer: Established the right to adequate
treatment (education) for institutionalized persons with mental
retardation
⩥ *Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC) v.
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1972. Answer: The first right to
,education lawsuit. Laid the foundation for the right to education for all
children with disabilities previously denied if they had not attained a
mental age of 5 by the start of first grade. Special Education was
guaranteed to children with mental retardation. The victory in this case
sparked other court cases for children with other disabilities.
⩥ *Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia, 1972.
Answer: The right to special education was extended to all children with
disabilities, not just mentally retarded children. Judgements in PARC
and Mills paved the way for P.L. 94-142. Students with disabilities must
be given education regardless of the schools' financial limitations.
⩥ Public Law 93-112 (Rehabilitation Amendments of 1973). Answer:
The first comprehensive federal statute to address specifically the rights
of disabled youth. It prohibited illegal discrimination in education,
employment, or housing on the basis of a disability.
⩥ Section 504, Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Answer: Section 504 expands
on older law by extending its protection to other areas that receive
federal assistance, such as education. Protected individuals must (a) have
a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more
major life activities, such as self-care, walking, seeing, breathing,
working, or learning; (b) have a record of such an impairment; or (c) be
regarded as having such an impairment. A disability in itself is not
sufficient grounds for a complaint of discrimination. The person must be
otherwise qualified, or able to meet, the requirements of the program in
question.
,⩥ Public Law 93-380 (Education Amendments of 1974). Answer:
P.L.94-142 is the funding portion of this act. It required states to provide
full educational opportunities for children with disabilities. It addressed
identification, fair evaluation, alternative placements, due process
procedures, and free, appropriate public education.
⩥ Public Law 94-142 Education for all Handicapped Children Act),
1975. Answer: Provided for a free, appropriate public education for all
children with disabilities, defined special education and related services,
and imposed rigid guidelines on the provisions of those services. It
paralleled the provision for a free and appropriate public education in
section 504 of Public Law 94-142 and extended these services to
preschool children with disabilities (ages 3-5) through provisions to
preschool incentive grants.
⩥ Seven fundamental provisions of IDEA. Answer: 1. Free Appropriate
Public Education (FAPE)
2. Notification and procedural rights for parents.
3. Identification and services to all children
4. Necessary related services.
5. Individualized assessments
6. Individualized Education Plans (IEP's)
7. Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
, ⩥ Goss v. Lopez, 1975. Answer: This case ruled that the state could not
deny a student education without following due process. While this
decision is not based on a special education issue, the process of school
suspension and expulsion is obviously critical in assuring an appropriate
public education to children with disabilities.
⩥ Public Law 95-56 (Gifted and Talented Children's Act), 1978.
Answer: This case defined the gifted and talented population, and
focused upon this exceptionally category, which was not included in
Public Law 94-142
⩥ *Larry P. V. Riles, 1979. Answer: This case ordered the reevaluation
of black students enrolled in classes for educable mental retardation
(EMR) and enjoined the California State Department of Education from
the use of intelligible tests in subsequent EMR placement decisions.
⩥ Parents in Action on Special Education (PASE) v. Hannon, 1980.
Answer: Ruled that IQ tests are necessarily biased against ethnic and
racial subcultures.
⩥ Board of Education v. Rowley, 1982. Answer: Amy Rowley was a
deaf elementary school student whose parents rejected their school
district's proposal to provide a tutor and speech therapist services to
supplement their daughter's instruction in the regular classroom. Her
parents insisted on an interpreter even though Amy was making
satisfactory social, academic, and educational progress without one. In
deciding in favor of the school district, the Supreme Court ruled that
