NUR 1023 Exam 1 2026 Questions and
Answers
Agonist - Correct answer-any drug that binds to a receptor and activates the
receptor
pharmocologic antagonist - Correct answer-any drug that binds to a receptor and
prevents the activation of the reception
competitive antagonist - Correct answer-any pharmocologic antagonist that
competes with the binding of agonist
noncompetitive antagonist - Correct answer-any pharmocologic antagonist that
binds to a site on the receptor other than the agonist binding site
chemical antagonist - Correct answer-any drug that binds directly to an agonist and
deactivates it
physiologic antagonist - Correct answer-any drug or chemical that has an opposite
effect, but through completely different physiologic ways
what are the two main physiologic antagonists? - Correct answer-histamine
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,epinephrine
anaphylaxis - Correct answer-a severe allergic reaction. Excess histamine released
by the body is part of the problem
epinephrine - Correct answer-given to counteract the effect of excess histamine
EC 50 - Correct answer-the concentration of drug required to achieve half of the
maximum expected response
ED 50 - Correct answer-the dose of drug required to achieve half of the expected
response
TD 50 - Correct answer-dose of the drug required to achieve toxicity in half of the
subjects given the drug
LD 50 - Correct answer-dose of the drug required to be lethal to half of the subjects
given the drug
(usually tested on rats)
half life (T 1/2) - Correct answer-amount of time required to lower the
concentration for the drug by half
-each time is 50% of what it was before
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, Bioavailability describes the concentration of drug in systemic blood in relation to
- Correct answer-the amount of drug given
Routes of administration - Correct answer-how the drug is administered effects the
bioavailability
Tissue bioavailability - Correct answer-describes the concentration of drug in target
tissue in relation to the amount of drug given
(as compared to bioavailability)
PO means - Correct answer-by mouth
blood taken from the GI tract goes directly to the _______ first - Correct answer-
liver
the liver metabolizes many drugs before reaching - Correct answer-systemic
circulation / systemic blood supply
(this takes time)
First-pass effect - Correct answer-all drugs absorbed by GI tract enter the portal
blood supply, and go directly to the liver
bioavailability of PO meds is rarely - Correct answer-100%
bioavailability of PO meds usually range from - Correct answer-10%-50%
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Answers
Agonist - Correct answer-any drug that binds to a receptor and activates the
receptor
pharmocologic antagonist - Correct answer-any drug that binds to a receptor and
prevents the activation of the reception
competitive antagonist - Correct answer-any pharmocologic antagonist that
competes with the binding of agonist
noncompetitive antagonist - Correct answer-any pharmocologic antagonist that
binds to a site on the receptor other than the agonist binding site
chemical antagonist - Correct answer-any drug that binds directly to an agonist and
deactivates it
physiologic antagonist - Correct answer-any drug or chemical that has an opposite
effect, but through completely different physiologic ways
what are the two main physiologic antagonists? - Correct answer-histamine
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,epinephrine
anaphylaxis - Correct answer-a severe allergic reaction. Excess histamine released
by the body is part of the problem
epinephrine - Correct answer-given to counteract the effect of excess histamine
EC 50 - Correct answer-the concentration of drug required to achieve half of the
maximum expected response
ED 50 - Correct answer-the dose of drug required to achieve half of the expected
response
TD 50 - Correct answer-dose of the drug required to achieve toxicity in half of the
subjects given the drug
LD 50 - Correct answer-dose of the drug required to be lethal to half of the subjects
given the drug
(usually tested on rats)
half life (T 1/2) - Correct answer-amount of time required to lower the
concentration for the drug by half
-each time is 50% of what it was before
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Bioavailability describes the concentration of drug in systemic blood in relation to
- Correct answer-the amount of drug given
Routes of administration - Correct answer-how the drug is administered effects the
bioavailability
Tissue bioavailability - Correct answer-describes the concentration of drug in target
tissue in relation to the amount of drug given
(as compared to bioavailability)
PO means - Correct answer-by mouth
blood taken from the GI tract goes directly to the _______ first - Correct answer-
liver
the liver metabolizes many drugs before reaching - Correct answer-systemic
circulation / systemic blood supply
(this takes time)
First-pass effect - Correct answer-all drugs absorbed by GI tract enter the portal
blood supply, and go directly to the liver
bioavailability of PO meds is rarely - Correct answer-100%
bioavailability of PO meds usually range from - Correct answer-10%-50%
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
