Test Bank - Pilbeam’s Mechanical Ventilation-Physiological and Clinical Applications, 7th Edition (Cairo, 2020), Chapter 1-23 | All Chapters

,chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation
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Test Bank
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MULTIPLE CHOICE zd




1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs
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is known as which of the following?
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a. External respiration zd



b. Internal respiration zd



c. Spontaneous ventilation zd



d. Mechanical ventilation zd




ANS: C zd


The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as ventilati
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on. Since the question asks for the body’s mechanism, this would
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be spontaneous ventilation. External respiration involves the exc
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hange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alve
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oli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at t
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he cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the syst
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emic blood into the cells.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 z d zd




2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
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a. Red blood cells and body cells zd zd zd zd zd



b. Scalenes and trapezius zd zd


muscles
c. Alveoli and pulmonary zd zd


capillaries
d. External oblique and zd zd


transverse abdominal muscles z d z d




ANS: C zd


External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon
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dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries.
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Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves mov
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ement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
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Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of inspiratio
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n. External oblique and transverse abdominal muscles are access
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ory muscles of expiration.
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, DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 z d zd




3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during
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normal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the f
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ollowing?
a.
b.
c.
d.


ANS: B zd


During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure drops fr
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om about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to about -
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10 cm H2O at end-
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inspiration. The graph depicted for answer B shows that change
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from -5 cm H2O to -10 cm H2O.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4 z d zd




4. During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:
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.
a. - 1 cm H2O zd zd zd



b. + 1 cm H2O zd zd zd



c. 0 cm H2O zd zd



d. 5 cm H2O zd zd




ANS: A zd


-
1 cm H2O is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during nor
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mal spontaneous ventilation. During the exhalation of a normal s
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pontaneous breath the alveolar pressure will become +1 cm H2O.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 z d zd




5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as
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which of the following?
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a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) zd zd zd



b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) zd zd

, c. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) zd zd



d. Transpulmonary pressure (PL) zd zd




ANS: D zd


The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the pressure req
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uired to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway pressure (PTA ) is
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the pressure gradient required to produce airflow in the conducti
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ng tubes. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the pressure to inflate
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the lungs and airways during positive pressure ventilation. Transt
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horacic pressure (PTT) represents the pressure required to expand
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or contract the lungs and the chest wall at the same time.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 z d zd




6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance dur
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ing positive pressure ventilation when the proximal airway pressu
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re (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cm H2O.
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a. 7 cm H2O zd zd



b. 30 cm H2O zd zd



c. 40 cm H2O zd zd



d. 175 cm H2O zd zd




ANS: B zd


The transairway pressure (PTA ) is used to calculate the pressure r
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equired to overcome airway resistance during mechanical ventila
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tion. This formula is PTA = Paw - PA.
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DIF: 2 REF: pg. 3 z d zd




7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to return to
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its original form after being stretched or acted on by an outside f
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orce is which of the following?
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a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance zd



d. Distending pressure zd