BISC 101 Midterm exam QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
4 classes of macromolecules
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
Define Macromolecule
Large molecules connected by covalent bonds
Condensation reaction
Aka dehydration synthesis
H2O is produced
Builds molecules
Hydrolysis Reaction
Breaks down molecules
Uses H2O
Carbs include...
Sugars and polymers
Carbs: monomers, polymers, bonds
Monosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosidic bonds
,Storage polysaccharides
Made from alpha glucose & alpha glycosidic bonds
Glycogen (branched)
Starch: 1) amylose 2) amylopectin (branched)
Where do bonds connect on monosaccharides
Alpha/beta 1,4 bonds
Branches go off of alpha/beta 1,6 bonds
Structural polysaccharides
Cellulose, chitin both branched.
Beta glucose, beta glycosidic bonds
3 most important lipids
1) fats
2) phospholipids
3) steroids
How do lipids differ from other 3 major molecules?
They do not form polymers
Fats are made from...
Glycerol and fatty acid chains
Bonds that join fatty acid chains to glycerol are...
Ester bonds
, Triglyceride
3 fatty acid chains and a glycerol
Saturated fats (3 things)
1) no double bonds
2) solid at room temp
3) tails are straight
Unsaturated fats (3 things)
1) one or more double bonds
2) liquid at room temp
3) tails have kinks
Phospholipid structure
2 fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol and a phosphate group
Steroids are...
A carbon skeleton consisting of 4 fuses rings
Ex: estrogen, cholesterol, testosterone
Define amphipathic
Molecules that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements. Ex: cholesterol,
phospholipids
Proteins: monomers, polymers, bonds
Amino acids, polypeptides, peptide bonds
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
4 classes of macromolecules
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
Define Macromolecule
Large molecules connected by covalent bonds
Condensation reaction
Aka dehydration synthesis
H2O is produced
Builds molecules
Hydrolysis Reaction
Breaks down molecules
Uses H2O
Carbs include...
Sugars and polymers
Carbs: monomers, polymers, bonds
Monosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosidic bonds
,Storage polysaccharides
Made from alpha glucose & alpha glycosidic bonds
Glycogen (branched)
Starch: 1) amylose 2) amylopectin (branched)
Where do bonds connect on monosaccharides
Alpha/beta 1,4 bonds
Branches go off of alpha/beta 1,6 bonds
Structural polysaccharides
Cellulose, chitin both branched.
Beta glucose, beta glycosidic bonds
3 most important lipids
1) fats
2) phospholipids
3) steroids
How do lipids differ from other 3 major molecules?
They do not form polymers
Fats are made from...
Glycerol and fatty acid chains
Bonds that join fatty acid chains to glycerol are...
Ester bonds
, Triglyceride
3 fatty acid chains and a glycerol
Saturated fats (3 things)
1) no double bonds
2) solid at room temp
3) tails are straight
Unsaturated fats (3 things)
1) one or more double bonds
2) liquid at room temp
3) tails have kinks
Phospholipid structure
2 fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol and a phosphate group
Steroids are...
A carbon skeleton consisting of 4 fuses rings
Ex: estrogen, cholesterol, testosterone
Define amphipathic
Molecules that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements. Ex: cholesterol,
phospholipids
Proteins: monomers, polymers, bonds
Amino acids, polypeptides, peptide bonds
