LRA 211 FINAL REVIEW PART 2 QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS

1. Refers to the maximum height of a wave.: the amplitude 2. This process of outer-shell electrons filling inner-shell vacancies continues down the line, creating a cascading effect called a: characteristic cascade 3. Smallest unit of measurement, basic building block of matter.: atom 4. What type of imaging system uses an intensifying screen to convert x-rays to visible light?: film screen 5. Is also a measure of the amount of energy necessary to split an atom (break it apart): binding energy 6. An atom has defined energy levels, each at a different distance from the Nucleus called: electron shells 7. ______ of an atom refers to the number of protons it contains in its nucleus: the atomic number 8. Is the number of protons and neutrons an atom has in its nucleus: the atomic mass number 9. _______ are the simplest forms of substances that compose matter: elements 10. Two or more atoms bonded together form a: molecule 11. Combinations of elements bonded together.: chemical compounds 12. Refers to elements whose atoms have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.: isotope 13. Refers to elements whose atoms have the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons.: isotone 14. Atoms in each period have the same number of: electron shells 15. Atoms in each group have the same number of ______ in the outermost shell: electrons 16. Is based on two atoms sharing electrons that then orbit both nuclei: covalent bonding 17. Is based on the attraction of opposing charges.: ionic bonding 18. Is very similar in that it has no mass, carries energy in waves as electric and magnetic disturbances in space, and travels at the speed of light: electromagnetic radiation 19. Electromagnetic radiation is a form of energy that originates from the: atom 20. Refers to the number of waves that pass a given point per second: frequency 19. Used to calculate the change in the intensity (quantity) of radiation reaching the image receptor with changes in distance.: inverse square law 20. Is a general term for the process by which an atom with excess energy in its nucleus emits particles and energy to regain stability.: radioactivity 21 this process of a radioactive element giving off excess energy and particles to regain stability is known as: radioactive decay. 22. Elements that are composed of atoms with unstable nuclei are said to be: radioactive. 23. Current heats the filament to a point of incandescence (white hot), and electrons are literally boiled off of the filament by thermionic emission. The focusing cup forms them into a cloud called: space charge 24. The attraction of the filament electron to the nucleus causes it to slow down and change direction. The resultant loss of energy is given off as a: brems photon 33. ______ refers to the use of a material, usually aluminum (al) or aluminum equivalent, to absorb x-ray photons from the x-ray beam.: filtration 25. Higher energy level: excitation 26. Infrared radiation: heat 27. Each time an orbital electron moves to a lower orbit, a _________ is produced.- : characteristic photon 28. K-shell electrons in tungsten have the strongest binding energy at: 69.5 kev 29. For a filament electron to remove this orbital electron, it must possess ________: energy equal to or greater than 69.5 kev. 30. Shell providing electron aka: farther shell 31. Shell with vacancy aka: closer shell 34. The combination of inherent and added filtration is referred to as: total filtration 35. _________ may attach to the collimator or be placed adjacent to or on the anatomic area of interest. They serve to filter a portion of the beam to balance exposure to the image receptor (ir) and improve image quality.: compensating filters 36. An increase in quantity increases the ________ delivered to the patient.: radiation dose 37. If kvp is doubled, the intensity (quantity) increases by: a factor of four 38. ________ refers to the penetrating power of the x-ray beam.: beam quality 39. ________ refers to those x-ray photons that are transmitted through the body and reach the image receptor: penetration 40. Photons that reach the image receptor create the dark shades of the image; areas where no photons reach result in the light or clear areas of the image: true 41. Beam quality is affected by kvp and filtration and is controlled mainly by adjusting: kvp 42. As kvp increases, the beam's ability to ______ also increases, and vice versa.- : penetrate matter 43. X-ray beams with high energy (from high kvp settings) are said to be: high-quality, or hard, beams. 44. X-ray beams with low energy (from low kvp settings) are said to be: low-quality, or soft, beams. 45. Describes the process of radiographic image formation/is the difference between the x-ray photons that are absorbed photoelectrically and those that penetrate the body: differential absorption 46. _______ is defined as the thickness of absorbing material (aluminum [al] or Aluminum equivalent filtration) necessary to reduce the energy of the beam to one-half its original intensity.: half-value layer (hvl) 47. _______ refers to the x-ray beam as it is upon exiting the collimator and exposing the patient.: primary beam 48. Is a graphic representation of the important parts of an x-ray beam: x-ray emission spectrum 49. ________ illustrates characteristic x-ray production. The x-axis is the x-ray energy, and the y-axis is the number of each type of x-ray photon.: discrete emission spectrum 50. Illustrates brems x-ray production.: continuous emission spectrum 51. Five factors change the appearance of the x-ray emission spectrum:: ma, kvp, tube filtration, generator type, and target material. 52. An increase in tube filtration causes a _______ in quantity and an increase in quality.: decrease 53. Improving the efficiency of the _______ increases x-ray beam quantity and quality, but the discrete line is unaffected.: generator 54. ______ characteristics of the anatomic part are determined by its composition, such as thickness, atomic number, and tissue density: absorption 55. Compactness of the cellular structures: tissue density