Pneumonia – Summary
Notes
1. Introduction
Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs causing inflammation of the alveoli, which may fill
with fluid or pus.
Key Points:
Can be bacterial, viral, fungal, or aspiration-related
Major cause of hospitalization and morbidity worldwide
Prompt diagnosis and management reduce complications
2. Types of Pneumonia
, Type Description
Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) Infection acquired outside hospitals
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) Occurs ≥48 hours after admission
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) Occurs in patients on mechanical ventilation
Aspiration Pneumonia Inhalation of food, liquid, or gastric contents
3. Causes / Risk Factors
Bacterial: Streptococcus pneumoniae (most common), Haemophilus influenzae
Viral: Influenza, RSV, COVID-19
Fungal: Rare, in immunocompromised patients
Risk Factors:
Elderly, infants, immunocompromised
Smoking
Chronic diseases (COPD, diabetes, heart failure)
Notes
1. Introduction
Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs causing inflammation of the alveoli, which may fill
with fluid or pus.
Key Points:
Can be bacterial, viral, fungal, or aspiration-related
Major cause of hospitalization and morbidity worldwide
Prompt diagnosis and management reduce complications
2. Types of Pneumonia
, Type Description
Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) Infection acquired outside hospitals
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) Occurs ≥48 hours after admission
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) Occurs in patients on mechanical ventilation
Aspiration Pneumonia Inhalation of food, liquid, or gastric contents
3. Causes / Risk Factors
Bacterial: Streptococcus pneumoniae (most common), Haemophilus influenzae
Viral: Influenza, RSV, COVID-19
Fungal: Rare, in immunocompromised patients
Risk Factors:
Elderly, infants, immunocompromised
Smoking
Chronic diseases (COPD, diabetes, heart failure)
