FCCN LEVEL 1 STUDY GUIDE 2026 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT
● ADH (antidiuretic hormone) . Answer: - water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
● ADH pathway . Answer: - hypothalamus senses low blood volumed
and increased serum osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum osmolality
● ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) . Answer: - cardiac hormone stored in
atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
,*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular
volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
● hydrostatic pressure . Answer: - forces fluids and solutes through the
capillary wall and into the tissue spaces
● colloid osmotic pressure . Answer: - pulling force of albumin in the
intravascular spaces
- pull fluid into vasculature
● maintenance fluid therapy . Answer: - replaces normal ongoing losses
of water and electrolytes (urine, sweat, respiration, stool)
● replacement therapy . Answer: - corrects any existing water and or
electrolyte deficits
● isotonic fluids . Answer: - tonicity equal to plasma in the body
- no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated
- LR
, - NS
- D5W
● hypotonic fluids . Answer: - lower concentration of solutes in the
vasculature than in the cell
- fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL SWELLS)
- 0.45NS
● hypertonic fluid . Answer: - higher concentration of solutes in the
vasculature than in the cell
- pulls fluid out of cells and into the vessels (CELL SHRINKS)
- D5 .45NS
- D5NS
- D5LR
- 3%, 7%, 23.4% NaCl
● colloids . Answer: - pull fluid into bloodstream
Albumin
- 5% is osmotically equal to plasma
- 25% draws 4 times the normal volume into the circulation
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT
● ADH (antidiuretic hormone) . Answer: - water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
● ADH pathway . Answer: - hypothalamus senses low blood volumed
and increased serum osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum osmolality
● ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) . Answer: - cardiac hormone stored in
atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
,*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular
volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
● hydrostatic pressure . Answer: - forces fluids and solutes through the
capillary wall and into the tissue spaces
● colloid osmotic pressure . Answer: - pulling force of albumin in the
intravascular spaces
- pull fluid into vasculature
● maintenance fluid therapy . Answer: - replaces normal ongoing losses
of water and electrolytes (urine, sweat, respiration, stool)
● replacement therapy . Answer: - corrects any existing water and or
electrolyte deficits
● isotonic fluids . Answer: - tonicity equal to plasma in the body
- no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated
- LR
, - NS
- D5W
● hypotonic fluids . Answer: - lower concentration of solutes in the
vasculature than in the cell
- fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL SWELLS)
- 0.45NS
● hypertonic fluid . Answer: - higher concentration of solutes in the
vasculature than in the cell
- pulls fluid out of cells and into the vessels (CELL SHRINKS)
- D5 .45NS
- D5NS
- D5LR
- 3%, 7%, 23.4% NaCl
● colloids . Answer: - pull fluid into bloodstream
Albumin
- 5% is osmotically equal to plasma
- 25% draws 4 times the normal volume into the circulation
