Bio 141 Chapter 1, 2,&3 test |80 Question with Solutions
Evolution - -A population of organisms changes over time to become better adapted to a
certain environment.
-Variable - -A factor that can change in an experiment
-Science - -Derived from the Latin verb "to Know." A human endeavor that uses the
scientific method to answer questions&gain knowledge.
-Experiment - -the test of a hypothesis
-Biology - -The Scientific study of living things and how they evlove
-hypothesis - -Educated guess. A possible explanation of some observation. May have very
little evidence to support it.
-theory - -Stronger than a hypothesis. it is supported by a considerable amount of
evidence&is widely accepted by the scientific community.
-List several characteristics of life - -Cellular organization; Ordered complexity; sensitivity;
Growth, development, and reproduction; energy utilization; homeostasis; evolutionary
adaptation.
-Describe the steps in the scientific method - -1st make an observation. Next is make a
question or a problem. The 2nd is making a number of hypotheses. The 3rd generates a
Testable hypotheses. 4th is testing the hypotheses (This could be step 1 too). The 5th is the
conclusion, the hypothesis can be supported or Disproved, but can never be proven. Next,
tests the remaining hypotheses. Next make the results. Lastly, after the findings and are
able to repeat the results, and then the remaining hypothesis may become a theory.
-The difference b/w using the word Theory by a scientist and the general public uses the
word. - -To a scientist, Theories are the solid ground of science, expressing ideas of which
we are most certain. To the general public, Theory usually implies the opposite-a lack of
knowledge.
-the 2 Variable meanings - -1. Factor in an experiment that can be changed.
2. factor being tested.
-placebo - -A fake drug used in the testing of medication
-Matter - -Anything that occupies space&has mass. All matter is made-up of atoms. Solids,
liquids&gases are 3 states of matter.
, -Element - -Substances that can't be separated into simpler substances by ordinary
chemical means (heat and electricity). There are 90 naturally occurring elements.
-Atom - -The smallest part of an element
-atomic number - -the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
-Valence Electrons - -Electrons in the outer energy level of an atom.
-periodic table - -A table of elements invented by Dmitri Mendeleev (19th-century Russian
Chemist). The elements are arranged in order of their atomic numbers. The chemical
properties repeat (periodically) in groups of 8 elements.
-Chemical bond - -Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, & hydrogen bonds are types of chemical
bonds. Atoms in a molecule are joined by chemical bonds.
-ion - -A charged atom or molecule. Ions do NOT have the same number of electrons and
protons.
-Molecule - -a unit formed by 2 or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds.
-electrinegativity - -A measure of the attraction of an atom for electrons
-Hydrophilic - -Water loving, attracted water
-hydrophobic - -Water fearing, repelled water
-Hydroxide ion - -(OH-) a water molecule that has lost one proton. This ion has a negative
charge.
-hydrogen ion - -(H+) a hydrogen atom that has lost 1 electron. This ion has a positive
charge. A free proton & a hydrogen ion are the same thing.
-acid - -a substance that releases Hydrogen ions in water. The H+ concentration is higher
than the OH- concentration.
-base - -a substance that releases HYDROXIDE ions in water.
-alkaline - -see base
-buffer - -a substance that resists changes in pH.
-The 3 subatomic particles, their charges, and how they're arranged in an atom. - -Protons,
neutrons, electrons. The protons and neutrons are in the nucleus and the electrons is
arranged in the outside with the energy levels.
Evolution - -A population of organisms changes over time to become better adapted to a
certain environment.
-Variable - -A factor that can change in an experiment
-Science - -Derived from the Latin verb "to Know." A human endeavor that uses the
scientific method to answer questions&gain knowledge.
-Experiment - -the test of a hypothesis
-Biology - -The Scientific study of living things and how they evlove
-hypothesis - -Educated guess. A possible explanation of some observation. May have very
little evidence to support it.
-theory - -Stronger than a hypothesis. it is supported by a considerable amount of
evidence&is widely accepted by the scientific community.
-List several characteristics of life - -Cellular organization; Ordered complexity; sensitivity;
Growth, development, and reproduction; energy utilization; homeostasis; evolutionary
adaptation.
-Describe the steps in the scientific method - -1st make an observation. Next is make a
question or a problem. The 2nd is making a number of hypotheses. The 3rd generates a
Testable hypotheses. 4th is testing the hypotheses (This could be step 1 too). The 5th is the
conclusion, the hypothesis can be supported or Disproved, but can never be proven. Next,
tests the remaining hypotheses. Next make the results. Lastly, after the findings and are
able to repeat the results, and then the remaining hypothesis may become a theory.
-The difference b/w using the word Theory by a scientist and the general public uses the
word. - -To a scientist, Theories are the solid ground of science, expressing ideas of which
we are most certain. To the general public, Theory usually implies the opposite-a lack of
knowledge.
-the 2 Variable meanings - -1. Factor in an experiment that can be changed.
2. factor being tested.
-placebo - -A fake drug used in the testing of medication
-Matter - -Anything that occupies space&has mass. All matter is made-up of atoms. Solids,
liquids&gases are 3 states of matter.
, -Element - -Substances that can't be separated into simpler substances by ordinary
chemical means (heat and electricity). There are 90 naturally occurring elements.
-Atom - -The smallest part of an element
-atomic number - -the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
-Valence Electrons - -Electrons in the outer energy level of an atom.
-periodic table - -A table of elements invented by Dmitri Mendeleev (19th-century Russian
Chemist). The elements are arranged in order of their atomic numbers. The chemical
properties repeat (periodically) in groups of 8 elements.
-Chemical bond - -Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, & hydrogen bonds are types of chemical
bonds. Atoms in a molecule are joined by chemical bonds.
-ion - -A charged atom or molecule. Ions do NOT have the same number of electrons and
protons.
-Molecule - -a unit formed by 2 or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds.
-electrinegativity - -A measure of the attraction of an atom for electrons
-Hydrophilic - -Water loving, attracted water
-hydrophobic - -Water fearing, repelled water
-Hydroxide ion - -(OH-) a water molecule that has lost one proton. This ion has a negative
charge.
-hydrogen ion - -(H+) a hydrogen atom that has lost 1 electron. This ion has a positive
charge. A free proton & a hydrogen ion are the same thing.
-acid - -a substance that releases Hydrogen ions in water. The H+ concentration is higher
than the OH- concentration.
-base - -a substance that releases HYDROXIDE ions in water.
-alkaline - -see base
-buffer - -a substance that resists changes in pH.
-The 3 subatomic particles, their charges, and how they're arranged in an atom. - -Protons,
neutrons, electrons. The protons and neutrons are in the nucleus and the electrons is
arranged in the outside with the energy levels.
