BIOL 203 EXAM 5 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
true pathogen - ANSWERcapable of causing disease in healthy persons with normal
immune defenses - influenza virus, plague, malaria
transient flora - ANSWERmicrobes that are present on the body for a short time
Plasma cells - ANSWERThese cells develop from a sensitized B cell. They produce
antibodies at a rate of 2,000 per second
Macrophages - ANSWERThese cells are considered the "big eaters" of the immune
system. They are phagocytic and can be found fixed in tissue or mobile in the blood
stream
Monocytes - ANSWERThese cells are phagocytic and will mature into macrophages
as they migrate through tissue to the site of infection
Dendritic cells - ANSWERThese cells have long cytoplasmic projections that are
used to display antigen to T cells. They are one of the immune systems main APCs
First like of defense
Responds to every foreign invader the same way
Involves cells like neutrophils and macrophages - ANSWERThree traits that describe
the innate immune response
Histamine - ANSWERWhat do basophils and mast cells secrete to cause
vasodilation
Decrease in temperature of the affected area - ANSWERWhat does NOT happen
during inflammation
Release of histamine
Dilation of blood vessels
Decrease in temperature of the effected area
Blood flowing through blood vessels - ANSWERWhat is NOT considered a
physical/chemical barrier to invasion
Lysozyme in tears
Blood flowing through blood vessels
Intact skin on hand
resident flora - ANSWERmicrobes that normally reside below the skin surface or
within the body - have become established
, microbial antagonism - ANSWERbacterial flora that benefit host by preventing
overgrowth of harmful microbes
Pathogenicity - ANSWERAbility of a microorganism to cause disease and harm a
host - represents a genetic component of the pathogen - does not include
opportunistic pathogens
Virulence - ANSWERHow likely a microbe is to make you sick
infectious dose - ANSWERThe minimum number of microorganisms necessary to
enter the body and establish infection within a host
Ex: 1 measles virus
virulence factors - ANSWERCharacteristics or structures that contributes to the
ability of a microbe to cause disease
incubation period - ANSWERTime from initial contact with the infectious agent to the
appearance of first symptoms; agent is multiplying but damage is insufficient to
cause symptoms; takes several hours to several years
Prodromal stage - ANSWERVague feelings of discomfort, nonspecific complaints -
second step in infection process
period of invasion - ANSWERmultiplies at high levels, becomes well-established;
more specific signs and symptoms - third step of infection process
convalescent period - ANSWERas person begins to respond to the infection,
symptoms decline - fourth step in the infection process
acute infection - ANSWERAn infection that comes on rapidly, with severe but short-
lived effects
chronic infection - ANSWERinfection that progresses and persists over a long period
of time
reservoir - ANSWERprimary habitat in the natural world from which a pathogen
originates
Ex: human or animal carrier, soil, plants
Carriers - ANSWERAn individual who inconspicuously shelters a pathogen and
spreads it to others; may or may not have experienced disease due to the microbe
Vectors - ANSWERa live animal that transmits an infectious agent from one host to
another (other than a human)
Zoonoses - ANSWERAn infection indigenous to animals but naturally transmissible
to humans
Ex: rabies, West Nile, influenza
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
true pathogen - ANSWERcapable of causing disease in healthy persons with normal
immune defenses - influenza virus, plague, malaria
transient flora - ANSWERmicrobes that are present on the body for a short time
Plasma cells - ANSWERThese cells develop from a sensitized B cell. They produce
antibodies at a rate of 2,000 per second
Macrophages - ANSWERThese cells are considered the "big eaters" of the immune
system. They are phagocytic and can be found fixed in tissue or mobile in the blood
stream
Monocytes - ANSWERThese cells are phagocytic and will mature into macrophages
as they migrate through tissue to the site of infection
Dendritic cells - ANSWERThese cells have long cytoplasmic projections that are
used to display antigen to T cells. They are one of the immune systems main APCs
First like of defense
Responds to every foreign invader the same way
Involves cells like neutrophils and macrophages - ANSWERThree traits that describe
the innate immune response
Histamine - ANSWERWhat do basophils and mast cells secrete to cause
vasodilation
Decrease in temperature of the affected area - ANSWERWhat does NOT happen
during inflammation
Release of histamine
Dilation of blood vessels
Decrease in temperature of the effected area
Blood flowing through blood vessels - ANSWERWhat is NOT considered a
physical/chemical barrier to invasion
Lysozyme in tears
Blood flowing through blood vessels
Intact skin on hand
resident flora - ANSWERmicrobes that normally reside below the skin surface or
within the body - have become established
, microbial antagonism - ANSWERbacterial flora that benefit host by preventing
overgrowth of harmful microbes
Pathogenicity - ANSWERAbility of a microorganism to cause disease and harm a
host - represents a genetic component of the pathogen - does not include
opportunistic pathogens
Virulence - ANSWERHow likely a microbe is to make you sick
infectious dose - ANSWERThe minimum number of microorganisms necessary to
enter the body and establish infection within a host
Ex: 1 measles virus
virulence factors - ANSWERCharacteristics or structures that contributes to the
ability of a microbe to cause disease
incubation period - ANSWERTime from initial contact with the infectious agent to the
appearance of first symptoms; agent is multiplying but damage is insufficient to
cause symptoms; takes several hours to several years
Prodromal stage - ANSWERVague feelings of discomfort, nonspecific complaints -
second step in infection process
period of invasion - ANSWERmultiplies at high levels, becomes well-established;
more specific signs and symptoms - third step of infection process
convalescent period - ANSWERas person begins to respond to the infection,
symptoms decline - fourth step in the infection process
acute infection - ANSWERAn infection that comes on rapidly, with severe but short-
lived effects
chronic infection - ANSWERinfection that progresses and persists over a long period
of time
reservoir - ANSWERprimary habitat in the natural world from which a pathogen
originates
Ex: human or animal carrier, soil, plants
Carriers - ANSWERAn individual who inconspicuously shelters a pathogen and
spreads it to others; may or may not have experienced disease due to the microbe
Vectors - ANSWERa live animal that transmits an infectious agent from one host to
another (other than a human)
Zoonoses - ANSWERAn infection indigenous to animals but naturally transmissible
to humans
Ex: rabies, West Nile, influenza
