AAPD Oral Board Exam with Accurate
Answers
Define scope of practice - ✔✔scope of practice defines the procedures, actions, and processes
a healthcare provider is legally allowed to perform
Define online and offline medical control - ✔✔Online: Real-time direction from a physician via
radio or phone.
Offline: Standing orders and protocols that guide care without direct contact.
Name risk factors for Coronary artery disease (CAD) - ✔✔Smoking, hypertension, diabetes, high
cholesterol, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, family history, and age.
What organs are found in the retroperitoneal space? - ✔✔Kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas
What is naloxone used for? - ✔✔Naloxone reverses opioid overdoses by competitively binding
to opioid receptors.
Define homeostasis and explain the two types of processes the body uses to maintain it. -
✔✔Negative feedback: Opposes changes
Positive feedback: Amplifies a process
What organs do β1 drugs affect? - ✔✔Primarily the heart—they increase heart rate,
contractility, and conduction.
, What organs do β2 drugs affect? - ✔✔Primarily the lungs—they cause bronchodilation; also
relax smooth muscle in vasculature.
What are the two causes of stroke? - ✔✔ischemia and hemorrhage
Why does a carbon monoxide poisoned patient still show oxygen saturation within normal
limits? - ✔✔Pulse oximeters can't differentiate oxyhemoglobin from carboxyhemoglobin, so
readings appear normal.
Define stroke volume - ✔✔Amount of blood pumped by one ventricle per beat
Cardiac Output - ✔✔Volume pumped per minute
Explain Starling's Law of the heart - ✔✔The more the heart muscle is stretched during filling,
the stronger the contraction
Explain hypovolemic shock - ✔✔Shock from severe fluid loss leading to decreased preload and
perfusion.
Explain septic shock - ✔✔Shock due to infection-caused widespread vasodilation, capillary
leakage, and poor tissue oxygenation.
Explain cardiogenic shock - ✔✔Shock from the heart's inability to pump effectively
Explain anaphylactic shock - ✔✔Severe allergic reaction causing massive vasodilation, airway
swelling, and bronchospasm.
Explain obstructive shock - ✔✔Shock from a physical blockage of blood flow
Answers
Define scope of practice - ✔✔scope of practice defines the procedures, actions, and processes
a healthcare provider is legally allowed to perform
Define online and offline medical control - ✔✔Online: Real-time direction from a physician via
radio or phone.
Offline: Standing orders and protocols that guide care without direct contact.
Name risk factors for Coronary artery disease (CAD) - ✔✔Smoking, hypertension, diabetes, high
cholesterol, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, family history, and age.
What organs are found in the retroperitoneal space? - ✔✔Kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas
What is naloxone used for? - ✔✔Naloxone reverses opioid overdoses by competitively binding
to opioid receptors.
Define homeostasis and explain the two types of processes the body uses to maintain it. -
✔✔Negative feedback: Opposes changes
Positive feedback: Amplifies a process
What organs do β1 drugs affect? - ✔✔Primarily the heart—they increase heart rate,
contractility, and conduction.
, What organs do β2 drugs affect? - ✔✔Primarily the lungs—they cause bronchodilation; also
relax smooth muscle in vasculature.
What are the two causes of stroke? - ✔✔ischemia and hemorrhage
Why does a carbon monoxide poisoned patient still show oxygen saturation within normal
limits? - ✔✔Pulse oximeters can't differentiate oxyhemoglobin from carboxyhemoglobin, so
readings appear normal.
Define stroke volume - ✔✔Amount of blood pumped by one ventricle per beat
Cardiac Output - ✔✔Volume pumped per minute
Explain Starling's Law of the heart - ✔✔The more the heart muscle is stretched during filling,
the stronger the contraction
Explain hypovolemic shock - ✔✔Shock from severe fluid loss leading to decreased preload and
perfusion.
Explain septic shock - ✔✔Shock due to infection-caused widespread vasodilation, capillary
leakage, and poor tissue oxygenation.
Explain cardiogenic shock - ✔✔Shock from the heart's inability to pump effectively
Explain anaphylactic shock - ✔✔Severe allergic reaction causing massive vasodilation, airway
swelling, and bronchospasm.
Explain obstructive shock - ✔✔Shock from a physical blockage of blood flow
